Immigration to Spain

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The population of Spain doubled during the twentieth century due to the spectacular demographic boom in the 1960s and early 1970s. The birth rate then plunged by the 1980s, and Spain's population became stagnant, its demographics showing one of the lowest sub replacement fertility rate in the world, only second to Japan's.^{[citation needed]}. Many demographers have linked Spain's very low fertility rate to the country's lack of any real family planning policy. Spain is the Western European country that spends the least on family support (0.5% of GDP). A graphic illustration of the enormous social gulf between Spain and the other countries of Europe in this field is the fact that a Spanish family would need to have 57 children to enjoy the same financial support as a family with 3 children in Luxembourg.

Immigration by nationality

In emigration/immigration terms and after centuries of net emigration, Spain has recently experienced large-scale immigration for the first time in modern history. According to the Spanish government, there were 4,145,000 foreign residents in Spain in January 2007. Of these, well over half a million were Moroccan while the Ecuadorians figure was around half a million as well. Romanian and Colombian populations amounted to around 300,000 each. There are also a significant number of British (274,000 as of 2006) and German (133,588) citizens, mainly in Alicante, Málaga provinces, Balearic Islands and Canary Islands. Chinese in Spain are estimated to number between 10 to 60,000, and other East Asian groups like the over 50,000 Filipinos whose country the Philippines was a former Spanish possession created a sizable community in Spain. Immigrants from several sub-Saharan African countries have also settled in Spain as contract workers, although they represent only 4.08% of all the foreign residents in the country.

During the early twenty first century, the average year-on-year demographic growth set a new record with its 2003 peak variation of 2.1%, doubling the previous record reached back in the 1960s when a mean year on year growth of 1% was experienced.^[1] This trend is far from being reversed at the present moment and, in 2005 alone, the immigrant population of Spain increased by 700 000 people ^[2].

1 Currently
2 Immigrants from the European Union
3 Major immigration
4 From other countries - Europe
5 From other countries - Africa
6 From other countries - Central America
7 From other countries - North America
8 From other countries - Asia
9 From other countries - Oceania
10 References

[edit] Currently

Foreign population in Spain^[3]
Year	Population	% total
1981	198.042	0,52%
1986	241.971	0,63%
1991	360.655	0,91%
1996	542.314	1,37%
1998	637.085	1,60%
2000	923.879	2,28%
2001	1.370.657	3,33%
2002	1.977.946	4,73%
2003	2.664.168	6,24%
2004	3.034.326	7,02%
2005	3.730.610	8,46%
2006	4.144.166	9,27%
2007	4.519.554	9,99%

According to the Spanish government, there were 4.5 million foreign residents in Spain in 2007; independent estimates put the figure at 4.8 million or 15.1% of total population (Red Cross, World Disasters Report 2006). According to residence permit data for 2007, around 500,000 were Moroccan, another half a million were Ecuadorian and Romanians,260,000 were Colombian. Other important foreign communities are British (8.09%), French (8.03%), Argentine (6.10%), German (5.58%) and Bolivian (2.63%). In 2005, a regularization programme increased the legal immigrant population by 700,000 people. Since 2000 Spain has experienced high population growth as a result of immigration flows, despite a birth rate that is only half of the replacement level. This sudden and ongoing inflow of immigrants, particularly those arriving clandestinely by sea, has caused noticeable social tensions.

Spain currently has the second highest immigration rates within the EU, just after Cyprus, and the second highest absolute net migration in the World (after the USA).^[4] This can be explained by a number of reasons including its geographical position, the porosity of its borders, the large size of its submerged economy and the strength of the agricultural and construction sectors which demand more low cost labour than can be offered by the national workforce. In fact, booming Spain has been Europe's largest absorber of migrants for the past six years, with its immigrant population increasing fourfold as 2.8 million people have arrived.

[edit] Immigrants from the European Union

Immigrants from the European Union make up a growing proportion of immigrants in Spain. They mainly come from countries like Romania, the United Kingdom, and Germany, but the British case is of especial relevance due to its magnitude. The British authorities estimate that the real population of UK citizens living in Spain is much bigger than Spanish official figures suggest, establishing them at about 1,000,000, about 800,000 being permanent residents. [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11]

In fact, according to the Financial Times, Spain is the most favoured destination for West Europeans considering to move from their own country and seek jobs elsewhere in the EU. [12]

[edit] Major immigration

Origin	2007	2006	2001	Growth 2001-2006	% Change	Article
Morocco	&0000000000582923.000000582,923	&0000000000563012.000000563,012	&0000000000233415.000000233,415	&0000000000329597.000000329,597	+141%	Moroccan-Spaniards
Romania	&0000000000527019.000000527,019	&0000000000407159.000000407,159	&0000000000031641.00000031,641	&0000000000375518.000000375,518	+1.187%	Romanian-Spaniards
Ecuador	&0000000000427099.000000427,099	&0000000000461310.000000461,310	&0000000000139022.000000139,022	&0000000000322288.000000322,288	+232%	Ecuadorian-Spaniards
United Kingdom	&0000000000314951.000000314,951	&0000000000274722.000000274,722	&0000000000107326.000000107,326	&0000000000167396.000000167,396	+156%	British-Spaniards
Colombia	&0000000000261542.000000261,542	&0000000000265141.000000265,141	&0000000000087209.00000087,209	&0000000000177932.000000177,932	+204%	Colombian-Spaniards
Bolivia	&0000000000200496.000000200,496	&0000000000139802.000000139,802	&0000000000006619.0000006,619	&0000000000133183.000000133,183	+2.012%	Bolivian-Spaniards
Germany	&0000000000164405.000000164,405	&0000000000150490.000000150,490	&0000000000099217.00000099,217	&0000000000051273.00000051,273	+52%	German-Spaniards
Argentina	&0000000000141159.000000141,159	&0000000000150252.000000150,252	&0000000000032429.00000032,429	&0000000000117823.000000117,823	+363%	Argentine-Spaniards
Italy	&0000000000135108.000000135,108	&0000000000115791.000000115,791	&0000000000034689.00000034,689	&0000000000081102.00000081,102	+234%	Italian-Spaniards
Bulgaria	&0000000000122057.000000122,057	&0000000000101617.000000101,617	&0000000000012035.00000012,035	&0000000000089582.00000089,582	+744%	Bulgarian-Spaniards
China	&0000000000106652.000000106,652	&0000000000104681.000000104,681	&0000000000027574.00000027,574	&0000000000077107.00000077,107	+280%	Chinese people in Spain
Peru	&0000000000103650.000000103,650	&0000000000095903.00000095,903	&0000000000034975.00000034,975	&0000000000060928.00000060,928	+174%	Peruvian-Spaniards
Portugal	&0000000000100616.000000100,616	&0000000000080635.00000080,635	&0000000000047064.00000047,064	&0000000000033571.00000033,571	+71%	Portuguese-Spaniards
France	&0000000000100408.000000100,408	&0000000000090021.00000090,021	&0000000000051582.00000051,582	&0000000000038439.00000038,439	+75%	French-Spaniards
Brazil	&0000000000090161.00000090,161	&0000000000072441.00000072,441	&0000000000017078.00000017,078	&0000000000055363.00000055,363	+324%	Brazilian-Spaniards
Ukraine	&0000000000069983.00000069,983	&0000000000069893.00000069,893	&0000000000010318.00000010,318	&0000000000059575.00000059,575	+577%	Ukrainian-Spaniards
Dominican Republic	&0000000000065119.00000065,119	&0000000000061071.00000061,071	&0000000000031153.00000031,153	&0000000000029918.00000029,918	+96%	Dominican-Spaniards
Poland	&0000000000061464.00000061,464	&0000000000045797.00000045,797	&0000000000013469.00000013,469	&0000000000032328.00000032,328	+240%	Polish-Spaniards
Venezuela	&0000000000051481.00000051,481	&0000000000051261.00000051,261	&0000000000016549.00000016,549	&0000000000034712.00000034,712	+210%	Venezuelan-Spaniards
Pakistan	&0000000000051000.00000051,000	&0000000000046000.00000046,000	&0000000000010000.00000010,000	&0000000000041000.00000041,000	+409%	Pakistani-Spaniards
Paraguay	&0000000000046238.00000046,238	&0000000000028587.00000028,587	&0000000000000928.000000928	&0000000000027659.00000027,659	+2.980%	Paraguayan-Spaniards
Uruguay	&0000000000046069.00000046,069	&0000000000045508.00000045,508	&0000000000006828.0000006,828	&0000000000038680.00000038,680	+566%	Uruguayan-Spaniards
Algeria	&0000000000045813.00000045,813	&0000000000047079.00000047,079	&0000000000018265.00000018,265	&0000000000028814.00000028,814	+158%	Algerian-Spaniards
Cuba	&0000000000045698.00000045,698	&0000000000044739.00000044,739	&0000000000024534.00000024,534	&0000000000020205.00000020,205	+82%	Cuban-Spaniards
Netherlands	&0000000000044398.00000044,398	&0000000000039484.00000039,484	&0000000000023146.00000023,146	&0000000000016338.00000016,338	+71%	Dutch-Spaniards
Chile	&0000000000040844.00000040,844	&0000000000039704.00000039,704	&0000000000011674.00000011,674	&0000000000028030.00000028,030	+240%	Chilean-Spaniards
Russia	&0000000000039798.00000039,798	&0000000000039904.00000039,904	&0000000000010047.00000010,047	&0000000000029857.00000029,857	+297%	Russian-Spaniards
Senegal	&0000000000036955.00000036,955	&0000000000035079.00000035,079	&0000000000010627.00000010,627	&0000000000024452.00000024,452	+230%	Senegalese-Spaniards
Nigeria	&0000000000032119.00000032,119	&0000000000031588.00000031,588	&0000000000007598.0000007,598	&0000000000023990.00000023,990	+316%	Nigerian-Spaniards
Belgium	&0000000000031412.00000031,412	&0000000000029526.00000029,526	&0000000000019869.00000019,869	&0000000000009657.0000009,657	+44%	Belgian-Spaniards
TOTAL	&0000000004519554.0000004,519,554	&0000000004144166.0000004,144,166	&0000000001370657.0000001,370,657	&0000000002773509.0000002,773,509	+202%

(2007dates) [13]

[edit] From other countries - Europe

Origin	2007	2006	2001	Growth	% Change
Albania	&0000000000001353.0000001,353	&0000000000001316.0000001,316	–	–	–
Andorra	&0000000000001022.0000001,022	&0000000000001075.0000001,075	–	–	–
Armenia	&0000000000009582.0000009,582	&0000000000009365.0000009,365	–	–	–
Austria	&0000000000008651.0000008,651	&0000000000007776.0000007,776	–	–	–
Belarus	&0000000000003135.0000003,135	&0000000000003262.0000003,262	–	–	–
Bosnia and Herzegovina	&0000000000001659.0000001,659	&0000000000001827.0000001,827	–	–	–
Croatia	&0000000000001649.0000001,649	&0000000000001788.0000001,788	–	–	–
Cyprus	&0000000000000146.000000146	&0000000000000130.000000130	–	–	–
Czech Republic	&0000000000006423.0000006,423	&0000000000005160.0000005,160	–	–	–
Denmark	&0000000000010906.00000010,906	&0000000000009977.0000009,977	–	–	–
Estonia	&0000000000000984.000000984	&0000000000000784.000000784	–	–	–
Finland	&0000000000009990.0000009,990	&0000000000009313.0000009,313	–	–	–
Georgia	&0000000000007355.0000007,355	&0000000000006284.0000006,284	–	–	–
Greece	&0000000000003567.0000003,567	&0000000000003027.0000003,027	–	–	–
Hungary	&0000000000004597.0000004,597	&0000000000003344.0000003,344	–	–	–
Iceland	&0000000000001083.0000001,083	&0000000000000920.000000920	–	–	–
Republic of Ireland	&0000000000013279.00000013,279	&0000000000011495.00000011,495	–	–	–
Latvia	&0000000000002128.0000002,128	&0000000000001741.0000001,741	–	–	–
Liechtenstein	&0000000000000048.00000048	&0000000000000117.000000117	–	–	–
Lithuania	&0000000000018528.00000018,528	&0000000000015200.00000015,200	–	–	–
Luxembourg	&0000000000000562.000000562	&0000000000001336.0000001,336	–	–	–
Macedonia	&0000000000000407.000000407	&0000000000000440.000000440	–	–	–
Malta	&0000000000000152.000000152	&0000000000000129.000000129	–	–	–
Moldova	&0000000000012801.00000012,801	&0000000000011330.00000011,330	–	–	–
Norway	&0000000000015630.00000015,630	&0000000000014154.00000014,154	–	–	–
Serbia	&0000000000003133.0000003,133	&0000000000003474.0000003,474	–	–	–
Slovakia	&0000000000005999.0000005,999	&0000000000004515.0000004,515	–	–	–
Slovenia	&0000000000000799.000000799	&0000000000000619.000000619	–	–	–
Sweden	&0000000000020058.00000020,058	&0000000000018096.00000018,096	–	–	–
Switzerland	&0000000000016361.00000016,361	&0000000000015385.00000015,385	–	–	–
Turkey	&0000000000001758.0000001,758	&0000000000001656.0000001,656	–	–	–
Rest of European countries	&0000000000000066.00000066	&0000000000000083.00000083	–	–	–
TOTAL EUROPE	&0000000001895727.0000001,895,727	&0000000001609856.0000001,609,856	–	–	–

[edit] From other countries - Africa

Origin	2006	2001	Growth	% Change
Angola	&0000000000003698.0000003,698	–	–	–
Cape Verde	&0000000000003611.0000003,611	–	–	–
Cameroon	&0000000000003955.0000003,955	–	–	–
Republic of the Congo	&0000000000001888.0000001,888	–	–	–
Ivory Coast	&0000000000001759.0000001,759	–	–	–
Egypt	&0000000000003634.0000003,634	–	–	–
Gambia	&0000000000013627.00000013,627	–	–	–
Ghana	&0000000000013133.00000013,133	–	–	–
Guinea	&0000000000009901.0000009,901	–	–	–
Equatorial Guinea	&0000000000019456.00000019,456	–	–	–
Guinea-Bissau	&0000000000005274.0000005,274	–	–	–
Liberia	&0000000000001167.0000001,167	–	–	–
Mali	&0000000000014497.00000014,497	–	–	–
Mauritania	&0000000000009308.0000009,308	–	–	–
DR Congo	&0000000000001548.0000001,548	–	–	–
Sierra Leone	&0000000000001487.0000001,487	–	–	–
South Africa	&0000000000002086.0000002,086	–	–	–
Tunisia	&0000000000002194.0000002,194	–	–	–
Rest of African countries	&0000000000008679.0000008,679	–	–	–
TOTAL	&0000000000120902.000000120,902	–	–	–

[edit] From other countries - Central America

Origin	2006	2001	Growth	% Change
Costa Rica	&0000000000002373.0000002,373	–	–	–
El Salvador	&0000000000005102.0000005,102	–	–	–
Guatemala	&0000000000004321.0000004,321	–	–	–
Honduras	&0000000000010652.00000010,652	–	–	–
Nicaragua	&0000000000004204.0000004,204	–	–	–
Panama	&0000000000003520.0000003,520	–	–	–
Rest of Central America countries	&0000000000000002.5170002.517	–	–	–
TOTAL	&0000000000032689.00000032,689	–	–	–

[edit] From other countries - North America

Origin	2006	2001	Growth	% Change
Canada	&0000000000005420.0000005,420	–	–	–
United States	&0000000000032626.00000032,626	–	–	–
Mexico	&0000000000040574.00000040,574	–	–	–
TOTAL	&0000000000078620.00000078,620	–	–	–

[edit] From other countries - Asia

Origin	2006	2001	Growth	% Change
Bangladesh	&0000000000006130.0000006,130	–	–	–
South Korea	&0000000000013144.00000013,144	–	–	–
Philippines	&0000000000051368.00000051,368	–	–	–
India	&0000000000023296.00000023,296	–	–	–
Iran	&0000000000004568.0000004,568	–	–	–
Iraq	&0000000000001706.0000001,706	–	–	–
Israel	&0000000000002427.0000002,427	–	–	–
Japan	&0000000000007684.0000007,684	–	–	–
Jordan	&0000000000002082.0000002,082	–	–	–
Lebanon	&0000000000002750.0000002,750	–	–	–
Syria	&0000000000004575.0000004,575	–	–	–
Rest of Asian countries	&0000000000002517.0000002,517	–	–	–
TOTAL	&0000000000118247.000000118,247	–	–	–

[edit] From other countries - Oceania

Origin	2006	2001	Growth	% Change
Australia	&0000000000005131.0000005,131	–	–	–
Rest of Oceania countries	&0000000000001099.0000001,099	–	–	–
TOTAL	&0000000000006230.0000006,230	–	–	–

v • d • e Immigration to Europe

Sovereign states	Albania · Andorra · Armenia¹ · Austria · Azerbaijan² · Belarus · Belgium · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Croatia · Cyprus¹ · Czech Republic · Denmark⁴ · Estonia · Finland · France^{4, 5, 6} · Georgia² · Germany · Greece · Hungary · Iceland · Republic of Ireland · Italy · Kazakhstan³ · Latvia · Liechtenstein · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Republic of Macedonia · Malta · Moldova · Monaco · Montenegro · Netherlands · Norway · Poland · Portugal · Romania · Russia³ · San Marino · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Spain⁶ · Sweden · Switzerland · Turkey³ · Ukraine · United Kingdom (England • Northern Ireland • Scotland • Wales)

Dependencies, autonomies, other territories	Abkhazia ² · Adjara¹ · Akrotiri and Dhekelia · Åland · Azores · Crimea · Faroe Islands · Gagauzia · Gibraltar · Greenland⁷ · Guernsey · Jan Mayen · Jersey · Kosovo · Isle of Man · Madeira⁸ · Nagorno-Karabakh¹ · Nakhchivan¹ · Northern Cyprus¹ · Republika Srpska · South Ossetia ² · Svalbard · Transnistria

Italics indicates an unrecognised or partially recognised country. ¹ Entirely in Southwest Asia. ² Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on the border definitions. ^{3 / 4 / 5 / 6} Has part of its territory in Asia / North America / South America / Africa. ^{7 / 8} Entirely on the North American Plate / African Plate.

[edit] References

^ Official report on Spanish recent Macroeconomics, including data and comments on immigration
^ Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Evolution of the foreign population in Spain since 1998 [1]
^ Fuente: para los años 1981, 1986 y 1991, los datos se refieren tan sólo a extranjeros con permiso de residencia a 31 de diciembre y proceden del Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales, citado en [2] (tomando, para el porcentaje de 1986, la población española de hecho según la estimación intercensal del INE para el 1 de julio [3]). Para los datos de 1996 y posteriores, todos los datos proceden del INE [4]
^ Eurostat - Population in Europe in 2005

Categories: Demographics of Spain | Immigration by country

Hidden categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements since February 2007

Immigration to Spain

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Contents

[edit] Currently

[edit] Immigrants from the European Union

[edit] Major immigration

[edit] From other countries - Europe

[edit] From other countries - Africa

[edit] From other countries - Central America

[edit] From other countries - North America

[edit] From other countries - Asia

[edit] From other countries - Oceania

[edit] References

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