Hyperpituitarism

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Hyperpituitarism Classification and external resources
ICD-10	E22.
ICD-9	253.1
eMedicine	ped/1092
MeSH	D006964

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Hyperpituitarism is the result of excess secretion of adenohypophyseal trophic hormones most commonly by a functional pituitary adenoma. Other causes are hyperplasias and carcinomas of the adenohypophysis, secretion by non-pituitary tumours and certain hypothalamic disorders.

[edit] Clinical manifestations

Depending on the cell type(s) affected, clinical manifestations of hormone excess may include:

• Hyperprolactinaemia
• Cushing's disease
• Precocious puberty
• Gigantism or Acromegaly
• Hyperthyroidism (rare)

[edit] Associated conditions

When there is an enlargement of the pituitary tissue, hyperpituitarism is often associated with:

• Visual field defects, classically bitemporal hemianopia
• Radiographic abnormalities of the sella turcica, such as sellar expansion, bony erosion and disuption of the diaphragma sellae
• Increased intracranial pressure

[edit] Symptoms

Symptoms caused by hormone excess and associated mass effects include:

• Headache
• Visual field loss or Double vision
• Excessive sweating
• Hoarseness
• Milk secretion from breast
• Sleep apnea
• Carpal tunnel syndrome
• Joint pain and limitation of motion
• Muscle weakness
• Numbness or tingling of skin

v • d • e Endocrine pathology: endocrine diseases (E00-35, 240-259) Thyroid Hypothyroidism (Iodine deficiency, Cretinism, Congenital hypothyroidism, Goitre, Myxedema) - Hyperthyroidism (Graves disease, Toxic multinodular goitre, Teratoma with thyroid tissue or Struma ovarii) - Thyroiditis (De Quervain's thyroiditis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Riedel's thyroiditis) - Euthyroid sick syndrome Pancreas Diabetes mellitus (type 1, type 2, coma, angiopathy, ketoacidosis, nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, MODY) - Hypoglycemia - Hyperinsulinism - Zollinger-Ellison syndrome - insulin receptor (Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome) Parathyroid Hypoparathyroidism (Pseudohypoparathyroidism) - Hyperparathyroidism (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary) Pituitary Hyperpituitarism (Acromegaly, Hyperprolactinaemia, SIADH) - Hypopituitarism (Simmonds' disease/Sheehan's syndrome, Kallmann syndrome, Growth hormone deficiency, Diabetes insipidus) - Adiposogenital dystrophy - Empty sella syndrome - Pituitary apoplexy Adrenal Cushing's syndrome (Nelson's syndrome, Pseudo-Cushing's syndrome) - CAH (Lipoid, 3β, 11β, 17α, 21α) - Hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome, Bartter syndrome) - Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) - Hypoaldosteronism Gonads ovarian dysfunction (Polycystic ovary syndrome, Premature ovarian failure) - testicular dysfunction (5-alpha-reductase deficiency) - testosterone biosynthesis (17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency) - general (Hypogonadism, Delayed puberty, Precocious puberty) Other Androgen insensitivity syndrome - Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome - Carcinoid syndrome - Gigantism - Short stature (Laron syndrome, Psychogenic dwarfism) - Multiple endocrine neoplasia (1, 2) - Progeria - Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome