Hydrogen ion

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Hydrogen ion is recommended by IUPAC as a general term for all ions of hydrogen and its isotopes.[1] Depending on the charge of the ion, two different classes can be distinguished:

Contents

[edit] Cation (positively charged)

When hydrogen loses its electron, the following cations can be formed:

  • Hydron: general name referring to the positive ion of any hydrogen isotope (H+)
  • Proton: 1H+
  • Deuteron: 2H+, D+
  • Triton: 3H+, T+

In addition, the ions produced by the reaction of these cations with water as well as their hydrates are called hydrogen ions:

  • Hydronium ion: H3O+
  • Zundel cation: H5O2+
  • Eigen cation: H9O4+

The latter two play an important role in proton hopping according to the Grotthuss mechanism.

In connection with acids, hydrogen ions typically refer to hydrons.

[edit] Anion (negatively charged)

Hydrogen anions are formed when additional electrons are acquired:

  • Hydride: general name referring to the negative ion of any hydrogen isotope
  • Deuteride: 2H-, D-
  • Tritide: 3H-, T-

In organic chemistry, a hydrogen atom in a molecule is often referred to simply as a proton. The hydrogen anion has played an important role in quantum physics.

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd edition McNaught, A.D. and Wilkinson, A. Blackwell Science, 1997 [ISBN 0-86542-684-8], also online
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