HOPG
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HOPG (Highly Oriented (or Ordered) Pyrolytic Graphite) is a highly ordered form of pyrolytic graphite with an angular spread of the c axes of less than 1 degree [1]. It is commonly used as a calibration tool for probe microscopies such as Scanning Tunneling Microscopy or Atomic Force Microscopy.
Commercial HOPG is usually produced by stress annealing at 3300 K [2].
HOPG behaves much like a pure metal. It is reflective, electrically conductive, but very brittle and flaky.
HOPG has been used as a substrate in many scientific experiments. See for example, Leitner et al., Applied Spectroscopy, Volume 57, Number 12, 2003, pp 1502.
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