Hamilton O. Smith
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| Hamilton O. Smith | |
 Hamilton O. Smith
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| Born | August 23, 1931 |
|---|---|
| Nationality | United States |
| Fields | microbiology |
| Known for | restriction enzymes |
| Notable awards |  Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1978 |
Hamilton Othanel Smith (born August 23, 1931) is an American microbiologist and Nobel laureate.
Smith was born on August 23, 1931, and graduated from University Laboratory High School of Urbana, Illinois. He attended the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, but in 1950 transferred to the University of California, Berkeley, where he earned his B.A. in Mathematics in 1952 [1]. He received his medical degree from Johns Hopkins University in 1956.
He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1978 for discovering type II restriction enzymes with Werner Arber and Daniel Nathans as co-recipients.
He later became a leading figure in the nascent field of genomics, when in 1995 he and a team at The Institute for Genomic Research sequenced the first bacterial genome, that of Haemophilus influenzae. H. influenza was the same organism in which Smith had discovered restriction enzymes in the late 1960s. He subsequently played a key role in the sequencing of many of the early genomes at The Institute for Genomic Research, and in the sequencing of the human genome at Celera Genomics, which he joined when it was founded in 1998.
He currently directs a team at the J. Craig Venter Institute that works towards creating a synthetic bacterium, Mycoplasma laboratorium. In 2003 the same group had synthetically assembled the genome of a virus, Phi X 174 bacteriophage.
[edit] References
- Raju, T N (Oct 1999). The Nobel chronicles. 1978: Werner Arber (b 1929); Hamilton O Smith (b 1931); Daniel Nathans (b 1928). Lancet 354 (9189): 1567. PMID 10551539.
- Shampo, M A; Kyle R A (Jun 1995). Hamilton Smith--Nobel Prize winner in medicine or physiology. Mayo Clin. Proc. 70 (6): 540. PMID 7776712.
- Smith, H O; Wilcox K W (1992). A restriction enzyme from Hemophilus influenzae. I. Purification and general properties. 1970. Biotechnology 24: 38-50. PMID 1330118.
- Berg, K (Dec 1978). [The Nobel prize in physiology and medicine 1978. Nobel prize to a controversial research field]. Tidsskr. Nor. Laegeforen. 98 (34-36): 1741-2. PMID 725894.
- Molecular genetics takes Nobel Prize (Nov 1978). JAMA 240 (20): 2137-8. PMID 359842.
- The Nobel prizewinners 1978: medicine. From modest beginnings.. (Oct 1978). Nature 275 (5682): 689-90. PMID 360075.
- Lagerkvist, U (Oct 1978). [To split a gene]. Lakartidningen 75 (43): 3892-4. PMID 279742.
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