Hakim (title)
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This article is about the formal title or honorific. For use as a name, see Hakim.
Ḥakīm and Ḥākim are two Arabic titles (also borrowed from Arabic into various eastern languages), derived from the same triliteral ḤKM "appoint, choose, judge".
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[edit] Hakīm (حكيم)
Hakīm indicates a "wise man" or "physician", especially an unani doctor, or other practictioner of herbal medicine. This title is one of the 99 names of Allah.
[edit] Hākim (حاكم)
Hākim means a ruler, governor or judge. As with many titles, it also occurs as a part of the names of many individuals.
[edit] In Arab countries
- In Lebanon, the full title of the Emirs under Ottoman (and a while Egyptian) sovereignty was al-Amir al-Hakim 1516-1842
- In three future Gulf emirates, the first monarchic style was hakim:
- since 1783 when the conquering Al Khalifah lineage settles on Bahrain to 16 August 1971, its style was Hakim al-Bahrayn "Ruler of Bahrain", then Amir ad-Dawlat al-Bahrayn "Emir of the State of Bahrain", since 14 February 2002 Malik al-Bahrayn (King of Bahrain)
- in Kuwait, since its 1752 founding, the ruling Al Sabah dynasty's style was Hakim al-Kuwayt "Ruler of Kuwait" (from 1871 also Kaymakam, i.e. district administrator, while recognizing the sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire (as kazan [district] of Baghdad [from 1875 Basra] vilayet (seats of the governors, styled Wali, in Iraq], till 3 November 1914, then under British protectorate) till the 19 June 1961 independence, after that (still) Amir ad-Dawlat al-Kuwayt "Emir of the State of Kuwait";
- since on Muhammad ibn Thani's 12 September 1868 treaty with the British, effectively establishing Qatar (previously considered to be a dependency of Bahrain) as an independent State (limited to Doha and Wakrah, only later expanded to the entire peninsula), his al-Thani dynasty's style was Hakim Qatar "Ruler of Qatar" (from 1871 also Kaymakam, i.e. Ottoman district administrator, cfr. above, till 3 November 1916, thereafter under British protectorate), since the 3 September 1971 independence from Britain Amir Dawlat Qatar "Emir of the State of Qatar".
- In Libya: Hakim was the 1946 - 12 February 1950 style of the "ruler" of the former sultanate of Fezzan during the UN administration (in practice by France, with its own concurrent military governor); the only incumbent, Ahmad Sayf an-Nasr (b. c.1876 - d. 1954), stayed on as regional Wali (governor; in French Chef du territoire "head of the territory") in the united Libyan kingdom until 24 December 1951, with a French Resident at his side, and then, without such French shadow, as first royal governor (until 1954)
- In Yemen: till 1902 (changed to Sultan) the rulers of the Quaiti State of Shir and Mukalla, ash-Shihr Wa´l Mukalla, as before the 10 November 1881 merger with the Naqib of Mukalla's state it has been the princely style of ash-Shihr since independence from the Ottomans in 1866
[edit] Elsewhere
- In Indonesia hakim denotes a judge
- In Nepal, a Bada Hakim was in charge of a district of the realm
- In Turkey hakim denotes a judge and hekim denotes a physician
- Formerly in imperial Persia
- In Pakistan and India Hakim or Hakeem denotes a herbal medicine practitioner, specially of Unani medicine.
[edit] Furthermore
As many titles, the word also occurs in many personal names, without any noble or political significance.
[edit] See also
[edit] Sources and references
- WorldStatesmen here Libya- look up every present country mentioned
