Image:Hafnium lump thin film effects.jpg

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Upper side of a lump of highly pure hafnium used for evaporating as HfO₂ onto glass along with silica to form multi layer dielectric optics. The vibrant colors seen here are a result of the lump being exposed to air (oxygen) while it was still hot after being used in an evaporating chamber where it is melted and vaporized using high intensity electron beams. The oxidized upper surface of the lump formed layers of differing thickness which interact with ambient light via bragg diffraction to form rich saturated colors in reflection.

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