GNRH2

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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2
Identifiers
Symbol(s) GNRH2; GnRH-II; LH-RHII
External IDs OMIM: 602352
RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data
Orthologs
Human Mouse
Entrez 2797 n/a
Ensembl ENSG00000125787 n/a
Uniprot O43555 n/a
Refseq NM_001501 (mRNA)
NP_001492 (protein)		 n/a (mRNA)
n/a (protein)
Location Chr 20: 2.97 - 2.97 Mb n/a
Pubmed search [1] n/a

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2, also known as GNRH2, is a human gene.[1]

The protein encoded by this gene is a preproprotein that is cleaved to form a secreted 10 aa peptide hormone. The secreted decapeptide regulates reproduction in females by stimulating the secretion of both luteinizing- and follicle-stimulating hormones. Three transcript variants that encode unique proproteins but the same peptide hormone have been found for this gene.[1]

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b Entrez Gene: GNRH2 gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2.

[edit] Further reading

  • Neill JD (2002). "GnRH and GnRH receptor genes in the human genome.". Endocrinology 143 (3): 737–43. PMID 11861490. 
  • Leung PC, Cheng CK, Zhu XM (2004). "Multi-factorial role of GnRH-I and GnRH-II in the human ovary.". Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 202 (1-2): 145–53. PMID 12770744. 
  • Limonta P, Moretti RM, Marelli MM, Motta M (2004). "The biology of gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone: role in the control of tumor growth and progression in humans.". Frontiers in neuroendocrinology 24 (4): 279–95. PMID 14726258. 
  • Bloch B, Gaillard RC, Culler MD, Negro-Vilar A (1992). "Immunohistochemical detection of proluteinizing hormone-releasing hormone peptides in neurons in the human hypothalamus.". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 74 (1): 135–8. PMID 1727812. 
  • White RB, Eisen JA, Kasten TL, Fernald RD (1998). "Second gene for gonadotropin-releasing hormone in humans.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 (1): 305–9. PMID 9419371. 
  • Chen A, Laskar-Levy O, Ben-Aroya N, Koch Y (2001). "Transcriptional regulation of the human GnRH II gene is mediated by a putative cAMP response element.". Endocrinology 142 (8): 3483–92. PMID 11459794. 
  • Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J, et al. (2002). "The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20.". Nature 414 (6866): 865–71. doi:10.1038/414865a. PMID 11780052. 
  • Gründker C, Günthert AR, Millar RP, Emons G (2002). "Expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone II (GnRH-II) receptor in human endometrial and ovarian cancer cells and effects of GnRH-II on tumor cell proliferation.". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87 (3): 1427–30. PMID 11889221. 
  • Chen A, Zi K, Laskar-Levy O, Koch Y (2002). "The transcription of the hGnRH-I and hGnRH-II genes in human neuronal cells is differentially regulated by estrogen.". J. Mol. Neurosci. 18 (1-2): 67–76. PMID 11931351. 
  • Chen A, Ganor Y, Rahimipour S, et al. (2003). "The neuropeptides GnRH-II and GnRH-I are produced by human T cells and trigger laminin receptor gene expression, adhesion, chemotaxis and homing to specific organs.". Nat. Med. 8 (12): 1421–6. doi:10.1038/nm801. PMID 12447356. 
  • Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932. 
  • Cheng CK, Hoo RL, Chow BK, Leung PC (2004). "Functional cooperation between multiple regulatory elements in the untranslated exon 1 stimulates the basal transcription of the human GnRH-II gene.". Mol. Endocrinol. 17 (7): 1175–91. doi:10.1210/me.2002-0418. PMID 12663744. 
  • Islami D, Bischof P, Chardonnens D (2004). "Possible interactions between leptin, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH-I and II) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG).". Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 110 (2): 169–75. PMID 12969578. 
  • Chou CS, Beristain AG, MacCalman CD, Leung PC (2004). "Cellular localization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) I and GnRH II in first-trimester human placenta and decidua.". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 89 (3): 1459–66. PMID 15001648. 
  • Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMID 15489334. 
  • An BS, Choi JH, Choi KC, Leung PC (2005). "Differential role of progesterone receptor isoforms in the transcriptional regulation of human gonadotropin-releasing hormone I (GnRH I) receptor, GnRH I, and GnRH II.". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 90 (2): 1106–13. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-0318. PMID 15562029. 
  • Tanriverdi F, Gonzalez-Martinez D, Silveira LF, et al. (2005). "Expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone type-I (GnRH-I) and type-II (GnRH-II) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs) and regulation of B-lymphoblastoid cell proliferation by GnRH-I and GnRH-II.". Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes 112 (10): 587–94. doi:10.1055/s-2004-830404. PMID 15578334. 
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