GNB4

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Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 4
PDB rendering based on 1a0r.
Available structures: 1a0r, 1b9x, 1b9y, 1gg2, 1got, 1gp2, 1omw, 1tbg, 1xhm, 2bcj, 2trc
Identifiers
Symbol(s) GNB4;
External IDs MGI: 104581 HomoloGene: 69140
Orthologs
Human Mouse
Entrez 59345 14696
Ensembl ENSG00000114450 ENSMUSG00000027669
Uniprot Q9HAV0 Q3THF3
Refseq NM_021629 (mRNA)
NP_067642 (protein)		 NM_013531 (mRNA)
NP_038559 (protein)
Location Chr 3: 180.6 - 180.65 Mb Chr 3: 32.78 - 32.81 Mb
Pubmed search [1] [2]

Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 4, also known as GNB4, is a human gene.[1]

Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), which integrate signals between receptors and effector proteins, are composed of an alpha, a beta, and a gamma subunit. These subunits are encoded by families of related genes. This gene encodes a beta subunit. Beta subunits are important regulators of alpha subunits, as well as of certain signal transduction receptors and effectors.[1]

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b Entrez Gene: GNB4 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 4.

[edit] Further reading

  • Downes GB, Gautam N (2000). "The G protein subunit gene families.". Genomics 62 (3): 544-52. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5992. PMID 10644457. 
  • Pietruck F, Moritz A, Montemurro M, et al. (1996). "Selectively enhanced cellular signaling by Gi proteins in essential hypertension. G alpha i2, G alpha i3, G beta 1, and G beta 2 are not mutated.". Circ. Res. 79 (5): 974-83. PMID 8888689. 
  • Asano T, Morishita R, Ueda H, Kato K (1999). "Selective association of G protein beta(4) with gamma(5) and gamma(12) subunits in bovine tissues.". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (30): 21425-9. PMID 10409705. 
  • Huang L, Shanker YG, Dubauskaite J, et al. (2000). "Ggamma13 colocalizes with gustducin in taste receptor cells and mediates IP3 responses to bitter denatonium.". Nat. Neurosci. 2 (12): 1055-62. doi:10.1038/15981. PMID 10570481. 
  • Evanko DS, Thiyagarajan MM, Siderovski DP, Wedegaertner PB (2001). "Gbeta gamma isoforms selectively rescue plasma membrane localization and palmitoylation of mutant Galphas and Galphaq.". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (26): 23945-53. doi:10.1074/jbc.M101154200. PMID 11294873. 
  • Ruiz-Velasco V, Ikeda SR, Puhl HL (2002). "Cloning, tissue distribution, and functional expression of the human G protein beta 4-subunit.". Physiol. Genomics 8 (1): 41-50. doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00085.2001. PMID 11842130. 
  • Huang L, Max M, Margolskee RF, et al. (2003). "G protein subunit G gamma 13 is coexpressed with G alpha o, G beta 3, and G beta 4 in retinal ON bipolar cells.". J. Comp. Neurol. 455 (1): 1-10. doi:10.1002/cne.10396. PMID 12454992. 
  • Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899-903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932. 
  • Cuello F, Schulze RA, Heemeyer F, et al. (2003). "Activation of heterotrimeric G proteins by a high energy phosphate transfer via nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) B and Gbeta subunits. Complex formation of NDPK B with Gbeta gamma dimers and phosphorylation of His-266 IN Gbeta.". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (9): 7220-6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M210304200. PMID 12486123. 
  • Sprague RS, Bowles EA, Olearczyk JJ, et al. (2003). "The role of G protein beta subunits in the release of ATP from human erythrocytes.". J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 53 (4 Pt 1): 667-74. PMID 12512701. 
  • Rosskopf D, Nikula C, Manthey I, et al. (2003). "The human G protein beta4 subunit: gene structure, expression, Ggamma and effector interaction.". FEBS Lett. 544 (1-3): 27-32. PMID 12782285. 
  • Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40-5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039. 
  • Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121-7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMID 15489334. 
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