Gitelman syndrome

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Gitelman syndrome
Classification and external resources
OMIM 263800
DiseasesDB 31860
MeSH D053579

Gitelman syndrome is a rare inherited defect in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidneys. It causes the kidneys to pass sodium, magnesium, chloride, and potassium into the urine, rather than allowing it to be resorbed into the bloodstream.

Gitelman syndrome is not to be confused with Bartter syndrome, which is a rare inherited defect in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle.

Contents

[edit] Cause

Gitelman syndrome has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance.
Gitelman syndrome has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance.

Gitelman's syndrome is linked to inactivating mutations in the SLC12A3 gene resulting in a loss of function of the encoded thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride co-transporter (NCCT). This cell membrane protein participates in the control of ion homeostasis at the distal convoluted tubule portion of the nephron.

Gitelman's syndrome is an autosomal-recessive disorder: one defective gene has to be inherited from each parent.

[edit] Presentation

People suffering from Gitelman's syndrome present symptoms which are identical to those of patients who are on thiazide diuretics[1]

Clinical symptoms for this disease are hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia, and hypocalciuria. Hypomagnesemia is present in many but not all cases. In contrast to patients with Liddle syndrome, those suffering from Gitelman's syndrome are generally normotensive. Carriers of Gitelman's syndrome-linked mutations are often asymptomatic while some complain of mild muscular cramps or weakness expressed as fatigue or irritability. More severe symptoms such as tetany and paralysis have however also been reported. Phenotypic variations observed among patients probably result from differences in their genetic background and may depend on which particular amino acid in the NCCT protein has been mutated.

See Naesens et al. for a recent review.[2]

[edit] Eponym

It is named for Hillel Gitelman.[3][4]

[edit] External links

[edit] References

  1. ^ O'Shaughnessy KM, Karet FE (2004). "Salt handling and hypertension". J. Clin. Invest. 113 (8): 1075–81. doi:10.1172/JCI200421560. PMID 15085183. 
  2. ^ Naesens M, Steels P, Verberckmoes R, Vanrenterghem Y, Kuypers D (2004). "Bartter's and Gitelman's syndromes: from gene to clinic". Nephron. Physiology 96 (3): p65–78. doi:10.1159/000076752. PMID 15056980. 
  3. ^ synd/2329 at Who Named It
  4. ^ Gitelman HJ, Graham JB, Welt LG (1966). "A new familial disorder characterized by hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia". Trans. Assoc. Am. Physicians 79: 221–35. PMID 5929460. 


v • d • e
Urinary system - Pathology - Nephrology, including nephritis and nephropathy (N00-N39, 580-599)
Diseases of the glomerulus
Tubulointerstitial diseases of the kidney
Renal failure
Urolithiasis
Diseases of the renal tubule and
other disorders of kidney and ureter
Other diseases and
disorders of urinary system
Tumors of the kidney
See also congenital conditions (Q60-Q64, 753)
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