Giovanni Maria Angioy
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Giovanni Maria Angioy (Bono, 21 October 1751 - Paris, February 22, 1808) was a politician and patriot Savoy, considered a national hero Sardinian.
Angioy guided the Sardinian revolutionary (1794-1796) against the feudal privileges still existing on the island, facing government repression Savoyard. In addition to political, it was also also a university lecturer, judge at the Royal Audience, entrepreneur and banker.
Giovanni Maria Angioy is considered one of the greatest patriots Sardinians, as he guided motions aimed at a Sardinian republic, free and independent, having eliminated the feudal yoke on the island.
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[edit] Youth Training
His parents belonged to the middle class rural Sardinia. Still, as a child, he was orphaned before his mother - who died in 30 years - and then his widowed father who had worn the dress talare.
His education was taken care of by a maternal uncle, Father Thaddeus Arras, then Sassari Canon Giovanni Antonio Arras. His uncle Thaddeus was his first teacher,but he was also taught by the Fathers Mercedari at their school located in the monastery of Our Lady of Mercy, then changed to Saint Ramon. He then continued his studies at the Jesuit fathers, and at 21 years old was a university professor. Despite his young age he became a deputy lawyer. He also became a Judge at 39 years old, which used to be a very high honor.
[edit] The Ideas of the French Revolution
On the front of the City Hall of Bono reads: "A Giovanni Maria Angioy, inspired by the true dell'89 bandì the Sarda crusade against Tirannide Feudal." Even though it was hard for information to reach Sardinia(because of limited means of communication), new ideas were launched by the French Revolution, and French literature. Giovanni Maria Angioy had read many French texts, and this was probably a catalyst for sparking a revolution.
[edit] The Mali? of Feudalism
Vittorio Amedeo II of Savoy had received Sardinia in exchange for Sicily, with the Treaty of London in 1718, after becoming the 17th King of Sardinia. To inaugurate the new King sent his lieutenant, then viceroy, Baron de Saint-Rémy. The new viceroy Stamenti parliamentary swore to observe, as set out in international agreements, laws and privileggi granted by the previous Spanish governments. Unfortunately provision that gave everything continued as before, namely the "Spanish manner," when the rest of the feudalism had disappeared long ago.
Feudalism was the great evil of Sardinia.It penalised the only source of income, agriculture. At that time, in fact, the island was divided into fiefdoms,except for 7 cities (Castelsardo, Sassari, Alghero, Bosa, Oristano, Iglesias and Cagliari, who were exempted since Spanish period from paying duties feudal). Taxes were very high, and annuities due to the archbishops of Cagliari and Oristano, as well as those due to the major landowners like the Marquis Alagon of Villasor, the Marquis of missing Thiesi of Villahermosa and Mores, Ossi Baron of the Baron of Sorso and many others.
The city, at that time, was sparsely inhabited while most of the population lived in rural areas where they were hassled with harsh feudal taxation: farmers were paid a fifth of what other were paid. Shepherds only paid little. For vassals, taxes were innumerable: every head of the family, in addition to other charges, was to pay a fine and to pay a feudal animals court.
[edit] Anti-Feudal Motions
After the rejection of the King to requests made by Stamenti - the famous "five questions" - namely:
- Meeting every ten years of the Parliament;
- Confirmation of the ancient privileges;
- Reserve for the islanders of all military and civilian uses, part ii higher;
- Establishment of a Turin Ministry issues sardines;
- Cagliari establishment of a Council of State,
On 28 April 1794, the assassination of two officials of Piedmont in Cagliari degenerates into open rebellion. They chased and killed by the crowd intendant general Jerome Pitzolo (July 6) and the General Assembly of weapons Gavino Paliaccio, Marquis of Planargia (July 22). These are the days of s'acciappa (Piedmont still hunting for the city). They were all caught 514 mainland officials, including Viceroy Balbiano Vincent, and were driven away from. The example was followed by other cities and the revolt spread throughout Sardinia. The island is governed by a provisional Royal Audience.
[edit] The Post of "Alternos"
The new viceroy Piedmont, Filippo Vivalda of Castellino, returned to Cagliari on September 6, but the revolts and riots not placcarono. Approffitando of unrest, logudoresi lords and the nobility sassarese, asked the king greater autonomy from the viceroy and asked also viceregio off by the government and depend directly by the Crown.
These requests angered that the Cagliari fomentarono even more the uprising and 28 December 1795, a great mass of rebels from all over Logudoro Sassari demonstrated against the feudal system, intoning the famous song of Francis Ignatius Mannu: procurad'è moderade, Barones knows tirrannia. A revolt that was attended by all social classes: bourgeoisie, nobility and people and was at that time that found themselves united to demand the independence of the Kingdom.
In the motion Logudoro antifeudali developed in 1795. In this region feudal rights were not well paid but specified by barbaric extortion. They rebelled vassals dell'Anglona: Sedini, Nulvi, Osilo it refused to pay the feudal rights. Later the motion is a propagarono Ittiri, Uri, Thiesi, Pozzomaggiore and Bonorva in Ozieri and Uri peasants s'impossessarono granaries of the feudal lords.
In support of the motion Cagliari, which nobles and notables Sassari wanted to distinguish themselves, in many countries tightened pacts in agreement not to recognize the more feudal and ask for ransom.
So that occurred on Christmas Day 1795, many people on foot and horseback surrounded Sassari. In early blows artillery Duke dell'Asinara and some landowners fled and the city was occupied by the revolutionaries, the leaders of assedianti were Gioachino Mundula and Francesco Cillocco. Be prisoners Santuccio the governor and the archbishop Della Torre, the rebels are started to Cagliari.
In order to quell the riots, the viceroy Philip Vivalda - February 13, 1796 - along with representatives of Stamenti, decided to send in Sassari Giovanni Maria Angioy, then magistrate of the Royal Audience. He was given the powers Alternos That could exercise the power viceroy.
With little spare departed from Cagliari forward in the heart of Sardinia. During the trip, in the various countries that crossed, was greeted with expressions of sympathy were exposed while all the hardships and social needs of the people.
Appeared to everyone as a liberator and heated in the minds many hopes. He realised the actual conditions of the island, with agriculture backward and feudal oppression, with the hardships of farmers and the deep poverty of the villages.
Each country wanted him homage of a stock and when men arrived at the gates of Sassari his entourage was impressive. The reception was triumphant: great crowd noticed and the canons of the capital intonarono "TE Deum." In large fresco that Joseph Sciuti painted at the end of the nineteenth century in a hall for meetings of the Palace of the Province, can be seen entering Giommaria Angioy in Sassari by trionfatore. For the people was not only 'Alternos namely Deputy Vice President; was not only a senior magistrate, but was liberating.
