Gertrude Johnson
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- For the American educator, see Gertrude I. Johnson
Gertrude Emily Johnson O.B.E. (1894-1973) was an Australian coloratura soprano and founder of the National Theatre in Melbourne.
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[edit] Early life
Johnson was born on 13 September 1894 at Prahran, Melbourne. She was the second child of George and Emily Johnson. George was a professor of music and both parents had been born in Victoria. Gertrude was educated at Presentation Convent, Windsor. On the advice of Dame Nellie Melba, Johnson enrolled at the age of 17 in the University Conservatorium of Music as a student of Anne Williams. In 1915 she followed Williams to Melba's new women's singing school at the Albert Street Conservatorium, East Melbourne (later the Melba Memorial Conservatorium). Johnson was accepted into Melba's classes, and the relationship developed to the point where Melba gave Johnson her own personal cadenzas, a valuable professional asset. The director of Albert Street, Fritz Hart, had a particular interest in Mozartian opera and was responsible for introducing Johnson to what was to be the core of her repertoire.
[edit] Singing career
Through introductions from Melba, Johnson begun touring outback Queensland and New South Wales in 1917 with Count Ercole Filippini's troupe, and in 1919 to Melbourne, Sydney, Adelaide and New Zealand with the Rigo Grand Opera Company. By 1921 she had sailed to London and started singing with the British National Opera Company. Soon she was singing roles such as Micaela in Carmen, Marguerite in Faust and the Princess in Holst's The Perfect Fool at Convent Garden. She also had an extensive recording career with Columbia Records.
[edit] National Theatre
Johnson returned to Melbourne in 1935 a woman of independent means, and retired from singing. Distressed at the lack of training opportunities in Australia for upcoming artists, she founded the National Theatre. Included was an opera, drama and ballet school. The National Theatre company grew rapidly, and protected from international competition during World War II, managed to produce 15 operas through this period. Post war the company continued to tour nationally, and in 1954 gave a Royal Command Performance at Melbourne's Princess Theatre in front of Queen Elizabeth II. The success of the performance and subsequent season led to the founding of the Australian Elizabethan Theatre Trust, which in turn ironically led to the decline of the National Theatre as a performing company. In an effort to stem the decline a building fund for the National Theatre was established. Two fires in premises occupied by the National Theatre sapped moral, until finally a permanent home was found in the former Victory Cinima in St Kilda. The new premises finally opened in 1974.
[edit] Death
Gertrude Johnson died on 28 March 1973 at Malvern. Her estate, valued at $117,000, was put towards scholarships for students at the National Theatre schools.
