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Neuroleptic anti-psychotic drugs commonly given to Alzheimer's patients with behavioural problems are modestly useful in reducing aggression and psychosis, but are associated with serious adverse effects, such as cerebrovascular events, movement difficulties or cognitive decline that do not permit their routine use.[1][2][3]

guia básica sobre tratamiento en alzheimer: [1]

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[edit] Caregiving

Since Alzheimer is a non-curable inabilitating degenerative disease, caregiving is an essential part of the treatment. Many family members choose to look after their relative,but over time more professional care in the form of nursing and other supportive care is usually required at home or in a long term care facility.

[edit] Home-care

[edit] Nursing

[edit] Environment modification

Modifications in the environment of the Alzheimer's patients or their lifestyle can improve their functional performance, evitate dangerous situations, or ease caretaker burden.[4][5]

[edit] Lo que estaba

{Further|Caregiving and dementia}}

Since there is no cure for Alzheimer's, caregiving is an essential part of the treatment. Due to the eventual inability for the sufferer to self-care, Alzheimer's has to be carefully care-managed. Home care in the familiar surroundings of home may delay onset of some symptoms and delay or eliminate the need for more professional and costly levels of care.[citation needed] Many family members choose to look after their relative,[6] but two-thirds of nursing home residents have dementias.[7]

Modifications to the living environment and lifestyle of the Alzheimer's patient can improve functional performance and ease caretaker burden. Assessment by an occupational therapist is often indicated. Adherence to simplified routines and labeling of household items to cue the patient can aid with activities of daily living, while placing safety locks on cabinets, doors, and gates and securing hazardous chemicals can prevent accidents and wandering. Changes in routine or environment can trigger or exacerbate agitation, whereas well-lit rooms, adequate rest, and avoidance of excess stimulation all help prevent such episodes.[8][9] Appropriate social and visual stimulation can improve function by increasing awareness and orientation. For instance, boldly colored tableware aids those with severe AD, helping people overcome a diminished sensitivity to visual contrast to increase food and beverage intake.[10]

[edit] References

  1. ^ Ballard C, Waite J (2006). "The effectiveness of atypical antipsychotics for the treatment of aggression and psychosis in Alzheimer's disease". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (1): CD003476. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003476.pub2. PMID 16437455. 
  2. ^ Ballard C, Lana MM, Theodoulou M, et al (2008). "A Randomised, Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Dementia Patients Continuing or Stopping Neuroleptics (The DART-AD Trial)". PLoS Med. 5 (4): e76. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050076. PMID 18384230. 
  3. ^ Sink KM, Holden KF, Yaffe K (2005). "Pharmacological treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia: a review of the evidence". JAMA 293 (5): 596-608. doi:10.1001/jama.293.5.596. PMID 15687315. 
  4. ^ Graff MJ, Vernooij-Dassen MJ, Thijssen M, Dekker J, Hoefnagels WH, Rikkert MG (2006). "Community based occupational therapy for patients with dementia and their care givers: randomised controlled trial". BMJ 333 (7580): 1196. doi:10.1136/bmj.39001.688843.BE. PMID 17114212. 
  5. ^ Treating behavioral and psychiatric symptoms. Alzheimer's Association (2006). Retrieved on 2006-09-25.
  6. ^ Selwood A, Johnston K, Katona C, Lyketsos C, Livingston G (2007). "Systematic review of the effect of psychological interventions on family caregivers of people with dementia". Journal of Affective Disorders 101 (1-3): 75–89. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.10.025. PMID 17173977. 
  7. ^ Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Alzheimer's disease and Other Dementias (PDF). American Psychiatric Association (October 2007). DOI:10.1176/appi.books.9780890423967.152139. Retrieved on 2007-12-28.
  8. ^ Treating behavioral and psychiatric symptoms. Alzheimer's Association (2006). Retrieved on 2006-09-25.
  9. ^ Wenger GC, Burholt V, Scott A (1998). "Dementia and help with household tasks: a comparison of cases and non-cases". Health Place 4 (1): 33-44. PMID 10671009. 
  10. ^ Dunne TE, Neargarder SA, Cipolloni PB, Cronin-Golomb A (2004). "Visual contrast enhances food and liquid intake in advanced Alzheimer's disease". Clinical Nutrition 23 (4): 533–538. PMID 15297089.