Gabriel Cramer
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Gabriel Cramer | |
 Gabriel Cramer (1704-1752). Portrait by an unknown artist.
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| Born | July 31, 1704 Geneva, Switzerland |
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| Died | January 4, 1752 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France |
| Residence |  Switzerland |
| Nationality | Swiss |
| Fields | Mathematics and physics |
| Institutions | Académie de Clavin |
| Alma mater | University of Geneva |
| Known for | Cramer's rule Cramer's paradox |
Gabriel Cramer (July 31, 1704 - January 4, 1752) was a Swiss mathematician, born in Geneva. He showed promise in mathematics from an early age. At 18 he received his doctorate and at 20 he was co-chair of mathematics. In 1728 he proposed a solution to the St. Petersburg Paradox that came very close to the concept of expected utility theory given ten years later by Daniel Bernoulli. The work by which he is best known for came in his forties. This work is his treatise on algebraic curves "Introduction à l'analyse des lignes courbes algébraique" published in 1750; it contains the earliest demonstration that a curve of the n-th degree is determined by
- n(n + 3)/2 points
on it, in general position. He edited the works of the two elder Bernoullis; and wrote on the physical cause of the spheroidal shape of the planets and the motion of their apsides (1730), and on Newton's treatment of cubic curves (1746). He was professor at Geneva, and died at Bagnols-sur-Cèze.
He was the son of physician Jean Cramer and Anne Mallet Cramer.
[edit] References
- W. W. Rouse Ball, A Short Account of the History of Mathematics, (4th Edition, 1908)
[edit] See also
- Cramer's rule
- Cramer's paradox
- Jean-Louis Calandrini
[edit] External links
- O'Connor, John J. & Robertson, Edmund F., “Gabriel Cramer”, MacTutor History of Mathematics archive
- Cramer's Paradox at MathPages
