Elephanta Caves
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| Elephanta Caves* | |
|---|---|
| UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
 |
|
| State Party |  India |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | (i)(iii) |
| Reference | 244 |
| Region† | south asia |
| Inscription history | |
| Inscription | 1987 (11th Session) |
| * Name as inscribed on World Heritage List. † Region as classified by UNESCO. |
|
The Elephanta Caves are the focal point of Gharapuri Island, which was renamed the Elephanta Island by the Portuguese, located in the Mumbai harbour off the coast of Mumbai (Bombay), India. In 1987, the caves were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
It is visited by many domestic and foreign tourists. In recent years, complaints have been made that visitors mistreat this important cultural and historic site.[1][2] Most of the sculptures here were defaced by the Portuguese, who used the sculptures as target practice in the 17th century. The Portuguese also gave the island its modern name, Elephanta from Gharapuri.[3]
The caves are thought to date back to the Silhara kings of the 9th through 13th centuries (810–1260).[citation needed] Some of the sculptures of this site are also attributed to the imperial Rashtrakutas of Manyakheta (in present day Karnataka), the Trimurti of Elephanta showing the three faces of Shiva almost akin to the Trinity of Brahma, Vishnu, and Mahesh. This was also the royal insignia of the Rashtrakutas. Other Rashtrakuta sculptures here are the reliefs of Nataraja and Sadashiva and the splendid sculptures of Ardhanarishvara.[citation needed]
The rock-cut temple complex cover an area of 60,000 sq ft consisting of a main chamber, 2 lateral ones, courtyards and subsidiary shrines. The site of these magnificent caves contained beautiful reliefs, sculptures, and a temple to the Hindu god Śiva. The caves are hewn from solid rock.[4] The temple complex is said to be the abode of Shiva.
[edit] Trimurti-Sadashiva Statue
The most important sculpture is that of Trimurti Sadasiva, carved in relief at the end of the N-S axis. The image, 20 ft in height is of the three headed-Shiva, representing Panchamukha Shiva.[5] The right half-face shows him as a young person with sensuous lips, embodying life and its vitality. In his hand he holds something that resembles a rose bud -- again with the promise of life and creativity. It is this face that is closest to that of Brahma, the creator or Uma or Vamadeva,the feminine side of Shiva.[6] The left half-face face on the side is that of a young man. It is moustached, and displays anger. This is Shiva as Aghora Bhairava[7], as the one whose anger can engulf the entire world in flames leaving only ashes behind. This is Shiva, the Destroyer. The central face, benign, meditative, as the preserver Vishnu. This is Shiva as the yogi -- Yogeshwar -- in deep meditation praying for the 'preservation' of humanity.
[edit] Reference notes
- ^ Save the Caves. south-asian.com. Retrieved on 2006-10-14.
- ^ Elephanta Caves. Bolography. Retrieved on 2006-10-14.
- ^ HT Cafe, Mumbai, Monday, June,4,2007 pg.31 - Article 'Lord of the Islands" by Jerry Pinto
- ^ Elephanta Caves. Mumbai Net. Retrieved on 2006-10-14.
- ^ Duffer's Guide to Elephanta, Mid-Day, Tinaz Nooshan, Feb 22, 2007, pg A14
- ^ HT Cafe, Mumbai, Monday, June,4,2007 pg.31 - Article 'Lord of the Islands" by Jerry Pinto
- ^ HT Cafe, Mumbai, Monday, June,4,2007 pg.31 - Article 'Lord of the Islands" by Jerry Pinto
[edit] External links
- Video of the caves MTDC site
- Elephanta Caves Photos from Himanshu Sarpotdar
- - Photographs of elephanta and other sites in maharashtra
- Information on the caves
- Description of Rashtrakutas architecture in the caves
- TempleNet - Elephanta Caves
- Elephanta Cave temple plan
- North enterance temple plan
- Elephanta Caves travel guide from Wikitravel
- Archaeological Institute of America Mumbai's Rough-Hewn Legacy Archaeology, February 12, 2007.
- God’s Night Out: A blogger's article written after a visit to Elephanta Caves
| Caves around Mumbai |
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Elephanta Caves • Jogeshwari Caves • Kanheri Caves • Mahakali Caves • Mandapeshwar Caves |
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