Education in Australia
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| Educational oversight | DEST Julia Gillard |
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| National education budget | $40.44 Billion (5.8% of GDP) (2006) | |
| Primary language(s) | English | |
| Federal system Established Compulsory Education |
1895 1939 |
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| Literacy (2003) • Men • Women |
99[1]% 99[1]% 99[1]% |
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| Enrollment • Primary • Secondary • Post-secondary |
17% of population 1.9 million 0.9 million 0.4 million |
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| Attainment • Secondary diploma • Post-secondary diploma |
< 69% 34% |
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Education in Australia is primarily the responsibility of states and territories.
Generally, education in Australia follows the three-tier model which includes primary education (primary schools), followed by secondary education (secondary schools/high schools) and tertiary education (universities and/or TFEC (Technical and Further Education Colleges)). The Australian education system is one of the best in the world, ranking 8th on a worldwide scale.
Education is compulsory up to an age specified by legislation; this age varies from state to state but is generally 15-17, that is prior to completing secondary education. Post-compulsory education is regulated within the Australian Qualifications Framework, a unified system of national qualifications in schools, vocational education and training (TAFE) and the higher education sector (university).
The academic year in Australia varies between states and institutions, but generally runs from late January until mid-December for primary and secondary schools and TAFE colleges, and from late February until mid-November for universities.
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[edit] Pre-school
Pre-school in Australia is relatively unregulated, and is not compulsory. The first exposure many Australian children have to learn with others outside of traditional parenting is day care or a parent-run playgroup. This sort of activity is not generally considered schooling. Pre-school education is separate from primary school in all states and territories except Western Australia and Queensland, where pre-school education is taught as part of the primary school system.
Pre-schools are usually run by local councils, community groups or private organizations except in the Northern Territory and Queensland where they are run by the Territory and State Governments respectively. Pre-school is offered to three to five year olds, although attendance numbers vary widely (from 50% in New South Wales to 93% in Victoria). The year before a child is due to attend primary school is the main year for pre-school education. This year is far more commonly attended, and usually takes the form of a few hours of activity five days a week.
[edit] School
School is compulsory in Australia between the ages of six and fifteen to eighteen depending on the state and date of birth, with, in recent years, over three quarters of students staying on until they are eighteen[citation needed]. Government schools educate about two thirds of Australian students, with the other third in independent schools, a proportion which is rising in many parts of Australia.
Government schools are free, while independent schools, both religious and secular, charge fees. Regardless of whether a school is government or independent, they are required to adhere to the same curriculum frameworks. Most school students, be they in government or independent school, usually wear uniforms, although there are varying expectations and some Australian schools do not require uniforms.
[edit] Government (or state) schools
Government or state schools are run by the local state or territory government. They do not charge compulsory fees, with the majority of their costs met by the relevant government, and the rest by voluntary levies and fundraising.
They can be divided into two categories: open and selective. The open schools accept all students from their government defined catchment areas. Selective government schools mostly cater for academically gifted students (the top 5 percent), although there are performing arts and sports schools. Almost all selective schools are in New South Wales,[citation needed] though a few exist in other areas.
Selective schools are more prestigious than open government schools, and generally achieve better results in the school-leaving exams than independent or open government schools. Entrance to selective schools is often highly competitive and they cater to a large geographical area.
[edit] Other schools
Most Catholic schools are either run by their local parish and/or by each state's Catholic Education Department.
Non-Catholic non-government schools (often called "Independent" schools) enroll about 14% of students. These include schools operated by religious groups and secular educational philosophies such as Montessori.
Some independent schools charge high fees. Government funding for independent schools often comes under criticism from the Australian Education Union and the Australian Labor Party.
[edit] Normal Ages
[edit] Primary
- Kindergarten: 4-5 year olds
- Preparatory / Reception / Kindergarten (QLD, NSW,VIC and ACT): 5-6 year olds
- Year 1: 6-7 year olds
- Year 2: 7-8 year olds
- Year 3: 8-9 year olds
- Year 4: 9-10 year olds
- Year 5: 10-11 year olds
- Year 6: 11-12 year olds
- Year 7: 12-13 year olds (WA, SA, QLD)
[edit] Secondary
- Year 7: 12-13 year olds (ACT, NSW, TAS, and VIC,) Middle School NT
- Year 8: 13-14 year olds
- Year 9: 14-15 year olds
- Year 10: 15-16 year olds (high school NT)
- Year 11: 16-17 year olds
- Year 12: 17-18 year olds
NB: In some states students may be slightly younger, it varies between states. Some Independent schools also vary in whether grade 7 is secondary or primary as well as the existence of middle school.
[edit] Comparison of ages and grading across States
| Year(s) In School | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australian Capital Territory | Primary School | High School | College | ||||||||||||
| Kindergarten | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 4 | Year 5 | Year 6 | Year 7 | Year 8 | Year 9 | Year 10 | Year 11 | Year 12 | |||
| New South Wales | Infants School | Primary School | High School | ||||||||||||
| Kindergarten | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 4 | Year 5 | Year 6 | Year 7 | Year 8 | Year 9 | Year 10 | Year 11 | Year 12 | |||
| Northern Territory | Primary School | Middle School | High School | ||||||||||||
| Transition | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 4 | Year 5 | Year 6 | Year 7 | Year 8 | Year 9 | Year 10 | Year 11 | Year 12 | |||
| Queensland | Primary School | High School | |||||||||||||
| Preparatory | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 4 | Year 5 | Year 6 | Year 7 | Year 8 | Year 9 | Year 10 | Year 11 | Year 12 | |||
| South Australia | Primary School | Secondary School/High School | |||||||||||||
| Reception | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 4 | Year 5 | Year 6 | Year 7 | Year 8 | Year 9 | Year 10 | Year 11 | Year 12 | |||
| Tasmania | Primary School | High School | College | ||||||||||||
| Preparatory | Grade 1 | Grade 2 | Grade 3 | Grade 4 | Grade 5 | Grade 6 | Year 7 | Year 8 | Year 9 | Year 10 | Year 11 | Year 12 | |||
| Victoria | Primary School | Secondary School | |||||||||||||
| Preparatory | Grade 1 | Grade 2 | Grade 3 | Grade 4 | Grade 5 | Grade 6 | Year 7 | Year 8 | Year 9 | Year 10 | Year 11 | Year 12 | |||
| Western Australia | Primary School | High School | |||||||||||||
| Pre-Primary | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 4 | Year 5 | Year 6 | Year 7 | Year 8 | Year 9 | Year 10 | Year 11 | Year 12 | |||
In the Northern Territory, primary schools often include a pre-school. In Western Australia, primary schools often include two pre-school years.
Beginning in 2007, the Northern Territory has introduced middle schools for Years 7-9 and High School for Years 10-12.
Both South Australia and Tasmania have a "Year 13" for students wishing to take extra time to develop their skills before tertiary education.
| State or
Territory |
Minimum
age |
Age in the year
before Year 1 |
Compulsory age | Nomenclature year
before school |
Nomenclature year
before Year 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACT | 4.8 | Age 5 on 30 April | Year in which
child turns 6 |
Pre-school | Kindergarten |
| NT | 4.6 | Age 5 on 30 June | Year in which
child turns 6 |
Pre-school | Transition |
| NSW | 4.5 | Age 5 on 31 July | Year in which
child turns 6 |
Pre-school | Kindergarten |
| QLD | 4.6 | Age 5 on 30 June | Year in which
child turns 6.64 |
Kindergarten /
Preschool |
Preparatory |
| SA | 4.5 | Continuous entry in the
term after 5th birthday |
Year in which
child turns 6 |
Kindergarten | Reception |
| TAS | 5.0 | Age 5 on 1 January | Year after
turning 5 |
Kindergarten | Preparatory |
| VIC | 4.8 | Age 5 on 30 April | Year in which
child turns 6 |
Kindergarten | Preparatory |
| WA | 4.6 | Age 5 on 30 June | Year in which
child turns 6.6 |
Kindergarten | Pre-Primary |
For a Cost/Benefit Analysis relating to the implementation of a common school starting age and associated nomenclature by 1 January 2010 see report by John Manefield and John Moore of March 2006. [1]
[edit] Tertiary
[edit] Public and private education
Search Australian Private and Government Education
[edit] See also
[edit] Overview
- Education in the Australian Capital Territory
- Education in Victoria
- Education in Tasmania
- Australian universities
- Tertiary education fees in Australia
- Performing arts education in Australia
- Australian Qualifications Framework
- TAFE
- University admission
[edit] Qualifications
- Higher School Certificate - the credential awarded for completing years 11 and 12 in NSW
- School Certificate - the credential awarded for completing years 9 and 10 in NSW
- Victorian Certificate of Education
- South Australian Certificate of Education
- Tasmanian Certificate of Education
- Western Australian Certificate of Education
- Northern Territory Certificate of Education
- ACT Scaling Test
- Queensland Core Skills Test
- Overall Position (Queensland)
[edit] Agencies
- New South Wales Department of Education and Training
- Board of Studies - responsible for developing and maintaining curriculums and assessment credentials in NSW
- Department of Education (Victoria)
[edit] Lists of schools
- List of schools in Australia
- List of universities in Australia
- List of schools in the Australian Capital Territory
[edit] References
[edit] External links
- Education and Training International. The international arm of the Western Australian (W.A.) Government's Department of Education and Training.
- Australian Government Education website
- The Official Government School Site
- edna.edu.au Education Network Australia website
- Curriculum Corporation website
- Australian Qualifications Framework website
- Department of Education and Early Childhood Development, Victoria website
- Glossary of Australian Education Terms
- Australian Bureau of Statistics 6278.0 - Education and Training Experience, Australia, 2005
- The National Education Directory of Australia Pty Ltd
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