Dyslipidemia

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Dyslipidemia Classification and external resources
ICD-10	E78.
ICD-9	272
MeSH	C18.452.339

Dyslipidemia is a disruption in the amount of lipids in the blood.

In western societies, most dyslipidemias are hyperlipidemias; that is, an elevation of lipids in the blood, often due to diet and lifestyle. The prolonged elevation of insulin levels can lead to dyslipidemia. Increased levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) are known to cause dylipidaemia.[1]

Contents 1 Classification 2 Types 2.1 Increases 2.2 Decreases

[edit] Classification

There are two major ways in which dyslipidemias are classified:

• Phenotype, or the presentation in the body (including the specific type of lipid that is increased)
• Etiology, or the reason for the condition (genetic, or secondary to another condition.) This classification can be problematic, because most conditions involve the intersection of genetics and lifestyle issues. However, there are a few well defined genetic conditions that are usually easy to identify.

[edit] Types

[edit] Increases

These conditions are discussed in greater detail at hyperlipidemia.

• Hyperlipidemia: lipids
  • Hypercholesterolemia: cholesterol
  • Hyperglyceridemia: glycerides
    • Hypertriglyceridemia: triglycerides
• Hyperlipoproteinemia: lipoproteins (usually LDL unless otherwise specified)
  • Hyperchylomicronemia: chylomicrons
• Combined hyperlipidemia: both LDL and triglycerides

Familial hypercholesterolemia is a specific form of hypercholesterolemia due to a defect on chromosome 19 (19p13.1-13.3).

[edit] Decreases

• Hypolipoproteinemia: lipoproteins
• Hypocholesterolemia: cholesterol
• Abetalipoproteinemia: beta lipoproteins
• Tangier disease: high density lipoprotein

v • d • e Lipid metabolism disorders / Inborn error of lipid metabolism - dyslipidemia (E78 and E71.3, 272) Hyperlipidemia Hypercholesterolemia/Hypertriglyceridemia (Familial hypercholesterolemia, Combined hyperlipidemia) - Xanthoma Hypolipoproteinemia Hypoalphalipoproteinemia/HDL (Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency, Tangier disease) Hypobetalipoproteinemia/LDL (Abetalipoproteinemia, Apolipoprotein B deficiency) Lipodystrophy Barraquer-Simons syndrome Fatty acid metabolism deficiency transport: Carnitine (Primary, I, II, -acylcarnitine) - Adrenoleukodystrophy beta oxidation: Acyl CoA dehydrogenase (Short-chain, Medium-chain, Long-chain 3-hydroxy, Very long-chain) - Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency to acetyl-CoA: Malonic aciduria Cholesterol synthesis Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome Other Sjögren-Larsson syndrome - Lipomatosis - Adiposis dolorosa see also lipid metabolism enzymes, lipoprotein metabolism