Doctor Atomic
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| Operas by John Adams |
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Nixon in China (1987) |
Doctor Atomic is an opera by the contemporary post-minimalist American composer John Adams, with libretto by Peter Sellars. It premiered at the San Francisco Opera on October 1, 2005. The work focuses on the great stress and anxiety experienced by those at Los Alamos while the test of the first atomic bomb (the "Trinity" test) was being prepared. Jon Else directed a documentary about the creation of the opera, titled Wonders Are Many (2007).
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[edit] Plot and production
The first act takes place about a month before the bomb is to be tested, and the second act is set in the early morning of July 15, 1945 (the day of the test). During the second act, time frequently slows down for the characters and then snaps back into reality. The opera ends in the final, prolonged moment before the bomb is detonated. Although the original commission for the opera suggested that U.S. physicist Robert Oppenheimer, the "father of the atomic bomb," be fashioned as a twentieth-century Doctor Faustus, Adams and Sellars deliberately attempted to avoid this characterization.
The work centers on Kitty Oppenheimer, Robert's wife, and her anxiety over her husband's project, set against tensions among key players in the Manhattan Project, especially General Leslie Groves. Sellars adapted the libretto from primary historical sources. The libretto also quotes from the Bhagavad Gita, songs of the Tewa, the Holy Sonnets of John Donne, and the poetry of Muriel Rukeyser.
Doctor Atomic is similar in style to previous Adams operas Nixon in China and The Death of Klinghoffer, both of which explored the characters and personalities that were involved in historical incidents, rather than a re-enactment of the events themselves.
[edit] Libretto
Much of the text from the opera was adapted from declassified U.S. government documents and communications among the scientists, government officials, and military personnel who were involved in the project. Other borrowed texts include poetry by Baudelaire, John Donne,and Muriel Rukeyser, the Bhagavad Gita, and a traditional Tewa Indian song. Marvin Cohen, head of the American Physical Society, has criticized some parts of the libretto for not being strictly scientifically correct, in particular the opening lines (below). [1]
The opening chorus is an incomplete excerpt from the 1945 Smyth Report:
- "Matter can be neither created nor destroyed but only altered in form.
- Energy can be neither created nor destroyed but only altered in form."
Act I concludes with an aria sung by Oppenheimer with text from Donne's Holy Sonnet XIV:
- Batter my heart, three person'd God; for, you
- As yet but knocke, breathe, shine, and seeke to mend;
- That I may rise, and stand, o'erthrow mee, and bend
- Your force, to breake, blowe, burn and make me new.
- I, like an usurpt towne, to'another due,
- Labour to'admit you, but Oh, to no end,
- Reason yhour viceroy in mee, mee should defend,
- But is captiv'd, and proves weake or untrue.
- Yet dearely'I love you, and would be loved faine,
- But am betroth'd unto your enemie:
- Divorce mee, untie, or breake that knot againe;
- Take mee to you, imprison mee, for I
- Except you'enthrall mee, never shall be free,
- Nor ever chast, except you ravish mee.
The Act II, scene iii chorus, borrowed from the Bhagavad Gita (translated into English by Swami Prabhavananda and Christopher Isherwood) reads:
- At the sight of this, your Shape stupendous,
- Full of mouths and eyes, feet, thighs and bellies,
- Terrible with fangs, O master,
- All the worlds are fear-struck, even just as I am.
- When I see you, Vishnu, omnipresent,
- Shouldering the sky, in hues of rainbow,
- With your mouths agape and flame-eyes staring—
- All my peace is gone; my heart is troubled.
Act II is peppered with a repeated refrain from Pasqualita, the Oppenheimer's Tewa Indian housemaid. The text comes from a traditional Tewa song:
- In the north the cloud-flower blossoms
- And now the lightning flashes
- And now the thunder clashes
- And now the rain comes down! A-a-aha, a-a-aha, my little one.
- In the west the cloud-flower blossoms
- And now the lightning flashes
- And now the thunder clashes
- And now the rain comes down! A-a-aha, a-a-aha, my little one.
- In the east the cloud-flower blossoms
- And now the lightning flashes
- And now the thunder clashes
- And now the rain comes down! A-a-aha, a-a-aha, my little one.
- In the south the cloud-flower blossoms
- And now the lightning flashes
- And now the thunder clashes
- And now the rain comes down! A-a-aha, a-a-aha, my little one.
[edit] Would Oppenheimer have liked the opera?
The opera portrays Oppenheimer as respecting and fearing the bomb's power while remaining convinced that it needs to be used against civilian targets to make a profound psychological expression. There is no attempt to "explain" Oppenheimer or render him in simplistic terms. However, Robert Oppenheimer, the actual physicist, famously disliked opera, and was wary of dramatists who over-sentimentalized the story of his life. In response to Heinar Kipphardt's 1964 play, which portrayed Oppenheimer's 1954 security-clearance hearing and the moral questions about making the atomic bomb, Oppenheimer angrily told an interviewer:
- The whole damn thing [his security hearing] was a farce, and these people are trying to make a tragedy out of it. ... I had never said that I had regretted participating in a responsible way in the making of the bomb. I said that perhaps he [Kipphardt] had forgotten Guernica, Coventry, Hamburg, Dresden, Dachau, Warsaw, and Tokyo; but I had not, and that if he found it so difficult to understand, he should write a play about something else. (Seagrave 1964)
[edit] San Francisco production
The original San Francisco Opera production was directed by Peter Sellars and conducted by Donald Runnicles, with choreography by Lucinda Childs. It featured Richard Paul Fink as Edward Teller, Gerald Finley as Robert Oppenheimer, Thomas Glenn as Robert Wilson, Kristine Jepson as Kitty Oppenheimer, Eric Owens as General Leslie Groves, James Maddalena as Jack Hubbard, Jay Hunter Morris as Captain James Nolan, Beth Clayton as the Oppenheimers' Tewa maid Pasqualita, and Seth Durant as Peter Oppenheimer (Robert Oppenheimer's son). Sets were designed by Adrianne Lobel, costumes by Dunya Ramicova, lighting by James F. Ingalls, and sound by Mark Grey.
Kitty Oppenheimer's aria, "Easter Eve, 1945", by Muriel Rukeyser (from her poem of the same name) was premiered by Audra McDonald in May, 2004 with the New York Philharmonic and Adams conducting. Two extracts from the work were performed in London in August 2004, conducted by John Adams as part of the 2004 Proms season.
[edit] Roles
| Role | Voice type | Premiere Cast, October 1, 2005 (Conductor: Donald Runnicles) |
|---|---|---|
| Robert Oppenheimer | baritone | Gerald Finley |
| Kitty Oppenheimer | mezzo-soprano | Kristine Jepson |
| General Leslie Groves | bass | Eric Owens |
| Edward Teller | dramatic baritone | Richard Paul Fink |
| Robert Wilson | tenor | Thomas Glenn |
| Jack Hubbard | baritone | James Maddalena |
| Captain James Nolan | tenor | Jay Hunter Morris |
| Pasqualita | mezzo-soprano | Beth Clayton |
[edit] Subsequent performances
In June 2007 this production made its European première at De Nederlandse Opera in Amsterdam, and was a great success. Production is currently underway at Lyric Opera of Chicago, again directed by Sellars, with Finley and Owens reprising their roles. Notably, Adams and Sellars made significant revisions to the opera and production in response to criticism [2].
[edit] Subsequent productions
A new production of the opera directed by Penny Woolcock has been announced for 2008, which will premiere in New York at the Metropolitan Opera in 2008 and be part of the MetHD series, before moving to the English National Opera in London. Gerald Finley will retain the lead for the new staging.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- Sterling Seagrave, "Play about him draws protests of Oppenheimer", Washington Post, November 9, 1964, p. B8.
- Alex Ross, "Onwards and upward with the arts: Countdown: John Adams and Peter Sellars create an atomic opera", The New Yorker, October 3, 2005, pp. 60–71.
- Matthew Westphal, "Met and ENO to Collaborate on Productions of Adams's Doctor Atomic, New Golijov Opera", Playbill Arts, August 15, 2007, www.playbillarts.com
[edit] External links
- Doctor Atomic official site
- Doctor Atomic reviews from ionarts
- "Doctor Atomic:Commentary on An Opera" the San Francisco Exploratorium
- "Wonders Are Many" (2007 documentary by Jon Else) (IMDb)
