Digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase

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In enzymology, a digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase (EC 2.4.1.241) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

UDP-galactose + 3-(beta-D-galactosyl)-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol $\rightleftharpoons$ UDP + 3-[alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-galactosyl]-1,2-diacyl-sn- glycerol

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are UDP-galactose and 3-(beta-D-galactosyl)-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol, whereas its 3 products are UDP, [[3-[alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-galactosyl]-1,2-diacyl-sn-]], and glycerol.

This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the hexosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP-galactose:3-(beta-D-galactosyl)-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 6-alpha-galactosyltransferase. Other names in common use include DGD1, DGD2, DGDG synthase (ambiguous), UDP-galactose-dependent DGDG synthase, UDP-galactose-dependent digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase, and UDP-galactose:MGDG galactosyltransferase. This enzyme participates in glycerolipid metabolism.

[edit] References

IUBMB entry for 2.4.1.241
BRENDA references for 2.4.1.241 (Recommended.)
PubMed references for 2.4.1.241
PubMed Central references for 2.4.1.241
Google Scholar references for 2.4.1.241
Kelly AA, Dormann P (2002). "DGD2, an arabidopsis gene encoding a UDP-galactose-dependent digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase is expressed during growth under phosphate-limiting conditions". J. Biol. Chem. 277: 1166–73. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110066200. PMID 11696551.
Hartel H, Dormann P, Benning C (2000). "DGD1-independent biosynthesis of extraplastidic galactolipids after phosphate deprivation in Arabidopsis". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 97: 10649–54. doi:10.1073/pnas.180320497. PMID 10973486.
Kelly AA, Froehlich JE, Dormann P (2003). "Disruption of the two digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase genes DGD1 and DGD2 in Arabidopsis reveals the existence of an additional enzyme of galactolipid synthesis". Plant. Cell. 15: 2694–706. doi:10.1105/tpc.016675. PMID 14600212.
Benning C, Ohta H (2005). "Three enzyme systems for galactoglycerolipid biosynthesis are coordinately regulated in plants". J. Biol. Chem. 280: 2397–400. doi:10.1074/jbc.R400032200. PMID 15590685.