User:Delldot/f&d

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Focal and diffuse brain injury are ways to classify traumatic brain injury. A focal injury is one in which results from direct mechanical loading and is usually associated with brain tissue damage visible to the naked eye.[1] A common cause of focal injury is a penetrating head injury in which the skull is perforated, as frequently occurs in vehicle accidents, blows, and gunshot wounds.[1] Focal injuries typically have symptoms that are related to the damaged area of the brain.[1] Epidural hematoma is an example of a focal injury.[1]

Diffuse injuries, also called multifocal injuries, include brain injury due to hypoxia, meningitis, and damage to blood vessels.[2] Diffuse injuries can result from acceleration/deceleration injuries, injuries to blood vessels, or hypoxia.[2] The term "diffuse" has been called a misnomer, since injury is often actually multifocal, with multiple locations of injury.[2]

Focal injuries are commonly associated with an injury in which the head strikes or is struck by an object; diffuse injuries are more commonly associated with acceleration/deceleration injuries, in which the head does not necessarily contact anything but brain tissue is damaged due to different rates of acceleration of different types of tissue.[2]

table
focal                                
subdural                          
intracranial hematoma[2]                                      
contusion/laceration[2]
epidural[1]

diffuse

  • DAI[2]
  • concussion

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c d e author = LaPlaca MC, Simon CM, Prado GR, Cullen DR |chapter = CNS injury biomechanics and experimental models |pages= 16 |url = http://books.google.com/books?id=FyzEQPKUuPcC&pg=PP1&dq=neurotrauma&client=firefox-a&sig=rMCcbEcUwojhorMEC3D9Bd4eqUo#PPA14,M1 |accessdate=2008-06-10 |Neurotrauma: New Insights Into Pathology and Treatment By John T. Weber, isbn=0444530177
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Gennarelli GA, Graham DI (2005). "Neuropathology", in Silver JM, McAllister TW, Yudofsky SC: Textbook Of Traumatic Brain Injury. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 27-34. ISBN 1-58562-105-6. Retrieved on 2008-06-10. 

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Category:Neurotrauma


Category:Neurotrauma