Cossidae

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Carpenter Moths
Leopard Moth, Zeuzera pyrina
Leopard Moth, Zeuzera pyrina
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Infraorder: Heteroneura
(unranked) Apoditrysia
Superfamily: Cossoidea
Family: Cossidae
Diversity
about 670 species
Subfamilies

Cossinae
Hypoptinae
Metarbelinae
Ratardinae
Zeuzerinae
For a full taxonomy to genus level, see Taxonomy of Cossidae.

Cossidae (also cossid moths or carpenter moths) is a worldwide family of mostly large moths. It includes many species with large caterpillars and moths with a wingspan from 9 to 24 centimetres (6¾ in).

Various authorities have included or excluded other families within this one, such as Dudgeoneidae, Metarbelidae, and Ratardidae, only the former of which is retained in the most recent classifications. The family includes the well known Carpenterworm (Prionoxystus robiniae).

Witchetty grubs.
Witchetty grubs.

Many of the caterpillars have an unpleasant smell, hence a colloquial name goat moths. Most of the caterpillars are tree borers. The name "witchetty grub" is most commonly applied to the caterpillar of Endoxyla leucomochla, one of the 87 cossid species in Australia. The caterpillars of some species may take up to three years to mature, and pupate within their tunnels.

These moths sometimes have long narrow wings, like those of Hawk moths, and are mostly grey. Many are twig, bark, or leaf mimics.

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