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The Commune of the Working People of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Töörahva Kommuun, earlier Eesti Töörahva Kommuuna, Russian: Эстляндская Трудовая Коммуна, ЭТК) (ETK) was a short-lived socialist republic in Bolshevik-occupied parts of Estonia during the Estonian War of Independence and the Russian Civil War. It operated in opposition to the Tallinn-based Republic of Estonia. It was established on 29 November 1918 in Narva, a day after its conquest by the Red Army. The Commune was chaired by Jaan Anvelt for the duration of its existence. The regime committed massacres in Rakvere and Tartu, among most known victims of these actions were Bishop Platon and pastor Traugott Hahn. The Russian Socialist Federated Soviet Republic formally recognised the ETK on 7 December 1918. The Russian offensive was initially successful and eventually reached as far as 34 kilometres from Tallinn, before the beginning of the Estonian People's Force (Rahvavägi) counteroffensive under Commander-in-Chief Johan Laidoner on 7 January 1919. Succeedingly, Red Army units were driven out of Estonia. The Estonian People's Force was supported by the British Royal Navy, Baltic Regiment as well as Finnish, Swedish and Danish volunteer units. After its expulsion from Estonia, the ETK had a government in exile in Pskov, then in Luga and from 17 May 1919 in Staraya Russa.
[edit] Members of the Soviet of the Commune of the Working People of Estonia
- Jaan Anvelt – chairman and military
- Viktor Kingissepp – interior (actually underground in Estonia, Johannes Käspert acting for him)
- Hans Pöögelmann – economic affairs
- Artur Vallner – culture and public education
- Johannes Mägi – foreign affairs (from 20 December 1918 Max-Alfred Trakmann) and state control (later Karl Mühlberg)
- Rudolf Vakman – social insurance (acting Otto Rästas)
- Johannes Käspert – secretary
Most of them were executed during the Great Purge.
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