Commonwealth Institute
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Commonwealth Institute is an educational charity loosely connected with the Commonwealth of Nations, and the name of a building in West London formerly owned by the Institute. The charity is now based at New Zealand House in central London, England.
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[edit] History: The Imperial Institute
The Imperial Institute, as it was first known, was established in 1887 as a result of the Colonial and Indian exhibition of 1886, by the governments of the United Kingdom and several of the countries of the British Empire to promote research which would benefit the Empire. Initially this was strongly biased towards scientific research that supported the industrial and commercial development of the dominions and colonies. At this time the UK had a policy of Commonwealth Preference in its trade relations.
The Imperial Institute was from 1893 located in a building on Exhibition Row, South Kensington, designed by T.E. Colcutt and built by John Mowlem & Co and completed in 1887. The 85-metre tower Queen's tower on Exhibition Road is now the last remaining part of the Imperial Institute; the remainder was demolished in the 1950s and 1960s to make way for Imperial College. Originally, there were three copper-roofed Renaissance-style towers, but only one survives.
The Commonwealth Institute Act of 1958 changed both the name of the Institute, and its mission, education rather than research.
[edit] The Commonwealth Institute 1962-2002
In 1962 the Commonwealth Institute moved to a distinctive green-roofed building on Kensington High Street, immediately to the south of Holland Park. The building was open to the public and contained a permanent exhibition about the nations of the Commonwealth which was designed to promote trade between them.
From 1962 to 2000 the operation of the Commonwealth Institute was funded by the UK's Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO). In addition to the exhibition, the Institute ran an important library of Commonwealth literature and hosted cultural events. In 2000 ownership of the building was transferred to a Trust managed on behalf of the High Commissioners to London of the Commonwealth nations. Comprehensive repair works were carried out in 2000-1, funded by the FCO, but by this point the Trust had closed the building to the public.
In 2002 the Trust closed the Commonwealth Institute building, returning some exhibits to member countries and donating the remainder to the British Empire and Commonwealth Museum in Bristol. The closure of the Institute building led to controversy because of the secrecy under which it was carried out, the recent expenditure of money on repairs to the building, and the proposal by the trust to demolish the building and sell the site for residential development. Restructuring of the charity and disposal of the building cost approximately £7m in redundancies, restructuring and professional fees by July 2006.
[edit] Current work
The Institute is now a Trust with the primary objective of advancing education across the Commonwealth, as endorsed by Commonwealth leaders and education ministers. It carries out this work by funding the Centre for Commonwealth Education in Cambridge.
[edit] The building
The Commonwealth Institute was designed by Robert Matthew/Sir Robert Matthew, Johnson-Marshall and Partners and completed in 1962. Construction was funded by the UK government, with contributions of materials from Commonwealth countries. The exhibition designer was James Gardner, who worked on the Dome of Discovery in the influential Festival of Britain of 1951, and the gardens were designed by Sylvia Crowe. The Institute stands on a piece of land acquired from the Holland estate on a 999-year lease for £215,000. The design of the building and gardens were strongly influenced by their proximity to Holland Park.
Regarded by English Heritage as the second most important modern building in London, after the Royal Festival Hall, the building has a low brickwork plinth clad in blue-gray glazing. Above this swoops the most striking feature of the building, the complex hyperbolic paraboloid copper roof, made with 25 tonnes of copper donated by the Northern Rhodesia Chamber of Mines. The shape of the roof reflects the architects' desire to create a "tent in the park". The gardens feature a large water feature, grass lawns, and a flagpole for each member of the Commonwealth. The interior of the building consists of a dramatic open space, covered in a tent-like concrete shell, with tiered exhibition spaces linked by walkways.
The building was listed Grade II* in 1988 for its roof, place as a post-war building, importance in the history of museum and exhibition design, and historical significance in marking the transition from Empire to Commonwealth. On July 22, 2005 the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport Tessa Jowell rejected a proposal to remove the building's listed status, which is an obstacle to its demolition; this now appears highly unlikely. In April 2007 the Commonwealth Institute building was acquired by property developers Chelsfield Partners. Its redevelopment is currently being planned, in the light of a planning brief issued by the local council in August 2007. This calls for the preservation of the main structure of the building, preferably for a use such as art gallery that will retain its essential components. The brief also calls for greater integration of the gardens with Holland Park.
