Committee for State Security
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The Committee for State Security (Bulgarian: Комитет за държавна сигурност, Komitet za darzhavna sigurnost; abbreviated КДС, CSS), popularly known as State Security (Държавна сигурност, Darzhavna sigurnost; abbrievated ДС) was the name of the Bulgarian secret service during the Communist rule of Bulgaria and the Cold War (until 1989).
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[edit] Structure
- 1st Head Direction — internal intelligence work. Succeeded by the National Intelligence Service in 1990.
- 2nd Head Direction — counter-intelligence. Succeeded by the National Security Service.
- 3rd Direction — counter-reconnaissance
- 4th Direction — technical work
- 5th Direction — security and protection. Succeeded by the National Protection Service.
- 6th Direction — political police. Succeeded by the Head Service for Combating Organized Crime. It had the following departments:
- 1st Department — worked among the intelligentsia and controlling the unions of artists
- 2nd Department — worked in the universities and among the students
- 3rd Department — responsible for the clergy, the Jews, Armenians and Russian White emigrants
- 4th Department — specialized in pro-Turkish and pro-Macedonian nationalism
- 5th Department — worked among the political rivals, such as the agrarians and social democrats
- 6th Department — observed pro-Maoist and anti-party activity
- 7th Department — information analysis and anonymous activity
- 7th Direction — information work
[edit] Activity
State Security played an active part in the so-called "Revival Process" to Bulgarianize the Bulgarian Turks in the 1980s, as well as writer and dissident Georgi Markov's murder in London in 1978 known for the "Bulgarian umbrella" that was used.
An issue often raised by the international community is State Security's alleged control of the weapons, drugs, alcohol, cigarettes, gold, silver and antiques traffic through Bulgaria before 1989.[1], [2] Because of this, it is popularly thought that the organized crime in the country in the 1990s was set up by former State Security agents.[3]
The agency is often incriminated with the ill-famed murder of dissident writer Georgi Markov using a "Bulgarian umbrella" on London's Waterloo Bridge and was formerly accused of the 1981 attempt on Pope John Paul II's life. The latter allegation has always been sharply criticised and denied by Bulgaria, and the country was officially cleared of any involvement by the Pontiff himself duiring a 2002 visit.
[edit] Legacy
The secret files of the DS have been a source of great controversy in the country. After the communist regime in the country collapsed, newly established democratic forces accused the former communist elite of secretly removing DS files that could compromise its members. In 2002, former Interior Minister Gen. Atanas Semerdzhiev was found guilty of razing 144,235 files from the Durzhavna Sigurnost archives. Others have accused the DS of infiltrating the young opposition
