Closer (baseball)
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In baseball, a closing pitcher, more frequently referred to as a closer (abbreviated CL), is a relief pitcher who specializes in closing out games, i.e., getting the final outs in a close game. Since closers appear frequently when a game is on the line, the role usually goes to a team's best reliever.
Closers, while typically possessing as much pitching talent as any other pitcher on their respective teams, may not have a wide enough variety of pitches or enough reliability over several innings to become a starting pitcher. Some closers, however, have been starting pitchers who due to injury or fading durability became closers later in their careers (such as Dennis Eckersley, Jason Isringhausen, Eric Gagné and, for 3 years, John Smoltz).
In general, closers are selected for their ability to pitch effectively for between one and two innings against both right-handed and left-handed batters (as opposed to left-handed specialists) and their ability to maintain their composure in high-pressure situations. Good closers often have an overpowering fastball and one or two complementary pitches (a full arsenal of pitches is not necessary), although this rule does have its exceptions (such as knuckleballer Tim Wakefield and sinkerballers Derek Lowe and Bob Wickman, all of whom have spent time closing games, as well as starting).
The marquee statistic for closers is the save. The all-time Major League Baseball saves leader is now Trevor Hoffman of the San Diego Padres. On September 24, 2006 he broke Lee Smith's record by notching his 479th career save. Hoffman is unlike many closers who rely on powerful fastballs, instead relying on a devastating changeup. Bobby Thigpen holds the single-season mark for saves, having saved 57 games for the Chicago White Sox in 1990.
For about the past two decades, the general practice has been for a closer to enter the game to pitch the ninth inning when his team is ahead by three runs or fewer, which aligns with the requirements to get a save. If the game is important (e.g., a playoff game), the closer has not had much opportunity to pitch during recent games, or for other reasons, the manager may opt to bring him in during the eighth inning. If the closer fails at his task by letting the other team tie the game or take a lead, he has blown the save.
In a game in which the home team enters the ninth inning tied, or if he enters a game which has gone into extra innings, it is impossible for that team's closer to gain a save. In such a situation, the manager will likely use his closer anyway, in order to prevent the visiting team from taking the lead.
Occasionally, some teams employ a "closer by committee", in which no single player is assigned the role of closer. Rather, the manager will select a pitcher to close the game that he thinks has the hot hand or the favorable match-up. Use of a closer by committee, however, is often a signal that the manager does not have confidence in any particular member of his bullpen, and the pitcher who gains his confidence will eventually become the closer. A variant on this, backed by Bill James and others, is the concept of a relief ace. A designated pitcher enters the game when the situation is most important, even if it is not a save situation. Though this is different from a closer by committee, it is similar, in that saves will be distributed among a number of pitchers.
Easily sensationalized, the "saves" stat should note that the team's manager decides when to put a pitcher in a game, taking into account the degree of difficulty involved, etc. A manager looking to pad a player's stats for team publicity, etc., can hold a relief pitcher back from the most difficult and taxing "saves," and put him in the easier ones. This must be looked at in analyzing saves. Another statistic that can be used to identify the best closers, although not readily available from normal box scores, is the percentage of inherited baserunners that score. Since closers often enter games with one or more runners on base, and their job is to stop them from scoring, this statistic can be useful in gauging their effectiveness.
Some teams with established closers also designate one or two setup pitchers to pitch immediately before the closer. In such a case, the set-up man will pitch the eighth inning and the closer will pitch the ninth in a close game.
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[edit] Major awards, honors won by closers
† also won league Cy Young Award in the same year
[edit] Current Major League Baseball closers
NL East
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NL Central
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NL West
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AL East
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AL Central
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AL West
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The year in the right column of the table refers to the year the player began closing for his current team, not the number of years they have been a closer. Some pitchers (for instance, Billy Wagner) may have closed for another team but were traded or signed to their current team and assumed the closer's role.
[edit] Other notable closers
For the top closers by number of saves, see save leaders in Major League Baseball.
Other noteworthy Major League Baseball closers not mentioned above:
[edit] External links
- Major League Baseball Career Saves Leaders
- Major League Baseball Single Season Saves Leaders
- Major League Baseball Active Saves Leaders
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