Clique
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A clique (IPA:/'klɪk/ in America, /'kliːk/ elsewhere) is an exclusive group of people who share common interests, views, purposes, patterns of behavior, or ethnicity. A clique is a subset of individuals from a larger group, who are more closely identified with one another than the remaining members of the group, and who exchange something among themselves, such as friendship, affection, or information.[1]
A clique has an informal structure, and it is composed of more than two people. All the members of the group have some type of relationship with one another, and thus the group is tightly knit together as a type of social network.
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[edit] Clique formation
According to some sociologists, one reason for the formation of a clique relates to the desire of individuals to compare themselves with other who are of the same social status.[2] Another word for clique is reference group, or a group of individuals which is used as a standard by which to evaluate attitudes, abilities, or current situations.[3] A clique as a reference group can be either normative or comparative.
A normative clique or reference group is the source of values and beliefs for the individual. The comparative clique or reference group is a standard of comparison by which individuals evaluate themselves and others.[4] Individuals of a clique can view other individuals in their clique as the norm, while they tend to use other status groups or cliques as a frame of reference by which they compare themselves. Thus, cliques are formed in order for people to join with other individuals and establish a norm based on values, characteristics, or common interests, and to also use other groups of people as a frame of comparison for themselves.
A clique can exist in the workplace, in a community, in the classroom, in a business, or any other area of social interaction. Cliques tend to form within the boundaries of a larger group where opportunities to interact are great.[5] Cliques are often associated with children and teenagers in a classroom setting. Schools are a prime place where peer network exist and can easily be accentuated through the differentiation of various cliques, and through the processes of inclusion and exclusion that characterize a clique.[6]
[edit] Films and literature
- Angus
- Bratz: The Movie
- Pretty Persuasion
- Massacre at Central High
- Grease
- Mean Girls
- The Breakfast Club
- Carrie
- Clueless
- Heathers
- High School Musical
- Jawbreaker
- John Tucker Must Die
- Odd Girl Out
- The Outsiders
- Pretty Woman
- Romy and Michele's High School Reunion
- Superbad
- not another teen movie
- Old school
- Dawson's Creek
- Shriek If You Know What I Did Last Friday the Thirteenth
- Dodgeball
- Balls of Fury
- Beverly Hills 90210
- Sixteen_candles
- Breakfast Club
[edit] Literature
- The Clique series of young–adult novels by Lisi Harrison
- The Outsiders by S. E. Hinton
- Queen Bees and Wannabes: Helping Your Daughter Survive Cliques, Gossip, Boyfriends, and Other Realities of Adolescence by Rosalind Wiseman
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Tichy, Noel (June 1973). "An Analysis of Clique Formation and Structure in Organizations". Administrative Science Quarterly 18 (2): 194–208. doi:.
- ^ Deutsch, Morton, and Robert Krauss (1965). Theories in Social Psychology. New York: Basic Books.
- ^ Jones, Edward, and Harold Gerrard (1965). Foundations of Social Psychology. New York: Wiley Books.
- ^ Kelley, Harold H. (1952). "Two functions of reference groups", in G. Swanson, T.M. Newcomb, and E. Hartley: Readings in Social Psychology. New York: Henry Holt, 410–414.
- ^ Hallinan, Maureen T. (June 1989). "Classroom Characteristics and Student Friendship Cliques". Social Forces 67 (4): 898–919. doi:.
- ^ Adler, Patricia A., Steven J. Kless, and Peter Adler (1992). "Socialization to Gender Roles: Popularity among Elementary School Boys and Girls". Sociology of Education 65 (3): 169–187. doi:.
