Christiaan Eijkman

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Christiaan Eijkman
Christiaan Eijkman
Born	August 11, 1858 Nijkerk
Died	November 5, 1930 Utrecht
Nationality	Dutch
Fields	pathology
Known for	beriberi vitamins
Notable awards	1929 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine

Christiaan Eijkman (Nijkerk, August 11, 1858 – Utrecht, November 5, 1930) was a Dutch physician and pathologist whose demonstration that beriberi is caused by poor diet led to the discovery of vitamins. Together with Sir Frederick Hopkins, he was awarded the 1929 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.

Although Eijkman had been sent to Indonesia to study Beriberi, the discovery of the cause was accidental. He noticed the symptoms in some chickens used in his laboratory when their feed had been altered temporarily. Eijkman was unable to continue his research due to ill health, but a study by his friend Adolphe Vorderman confirmed the link between polished rice and the disease. Eventually it was determined the missing compound that was causing Beriberi was vitamin B1, thiamine.

[edit] References

Lodewijk Palm, Christiaan Eijkman 1858 -1930 In: K. van Berkel, A. van Helden and L. Palm ed., A history of Science in the Netherlands. Survey, Themes and Reference (Leiden: Brill, 1999) 447 - 449.
Zetterström, Rolf (2006), “C. Eijkman (1858-1930) and Sir F.G. Hopkins (1861-1947): the dawn of vitamins and other essential nutritional growth factors.”, Acta Paediatr. 95 (11): cover, 1331-3, 2006 Nov, PMID:17062455, doi:10.1080/08035250600960036, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17062455>
Anand, K P; Anand, A & Kashyap, A S (2006), “Christiaan Eijkman (1858-1930). Postal stamps issued on Eijkman by Grenada. Christiaan Eijkma--discoverer of cause of Beri-beri.”, The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 54: 324, 2006 Apr, PMID:16944617, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16944617>
Haas, L F (2001), “Christjaan Eijkman (1858-1930).”, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 71 (2): 230, 2001 Aug, PMID:11459899, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11459899>
Verhoef, J; Snippe, H & Nottet, H S (1999), “Christiaan Eijkman. First bacteriologist at Utrecht University, Nobel laureate for his work on vitamins.”, Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 75 (3): 165-9, 1999 Apr, PMID:10427404, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10427404>
Raju, T N (1998), “The Nobel chronicles. 1929: Christiaan Eijkman (1858-1930) and Frederick Hopkins (1861-1947).”, Lancet 352 (9143): 1868, 1998 Dec 5, PMID:9851427, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9851427>
Kamminga, H (1998), “Credit and resistance: Eijkman and the transformation of beri-beri into a vitamin deficiency disease.”, Clio medica (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 48: 232-54, 1998, PMID:9646025, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9646025>
Carpenter, K J & Sutherland, B (1995), “Eijkman's contribution to the discovery of vitamins.”, J. Nutr. 125 (2): 155-63, 1995 Feb, PMID:7861241, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7861241>
Luyken, R (1990), “[100 years ago discovery of vitamins by Eijkman]”, Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde 134 (34): 1658-62, 1990 Aug 25, PMID:2215710, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2215710>
Eijkman, C (1990), “[Anti-neuritis vitamin and beriberi. Nobel prize paper. 1929]”, Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde 134 (34): 1654-7, 1990 Aug 25, PMID:2215709, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2215709>
Eijkman, C (1990), “Report of the investigations carried out in the laboratory of pathology and bacteriology, Weltevreden, during the year 1895. VI. Polyneuritis in chickens. New contributions to the etiology of the disease. 1896.”, Nutr. Rev. 48 (6): 243-6, 1990 Jun, PMID:1365749, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1365749>
Eijkman, C (1990), “Report of the investigations carried out in the laboratory of pathology and bacteriology, Weltevreden, during the year 1889. VI. Polyneuritis in chickens. 1890.”, Nutr. Rev. 48 (6): 242-3, 1990 Jun, PMID:1365748, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1365748>
Breathnach, C S (1986), “Biographical sketches--66. Eijkman.”, Irish medical journal 79 (7): 193-4, 1986 Jul, PMID:3528040, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3528040>
Kyle, R A & Shampo, M A, “Christjaan Eijkman.”, JAMA 244 (17): 1992, PMID:6999189, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6999189>
KENEZ, J (1964), “[CH. EIJKMAN AND BERIBERI.]”, Orvosi hetilap 105: 1037-9, 1964 May 31, PMID:14159646, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14159646>
JANSEN, B C P (1950), “C. Eijkman, August 11, 1858-November 5, 1930.”, J. Nutr. 42 (1): 3-8, 1950 Sep, PMID:14779179, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14779179>

[edit] External Links

Biography
Christiaan Eijkman – Biography
Museum Boerhaave Negen Nederlandse Nobelprijswinnaars
A.M. Luyendijk-Elshout, Eijkman, Christiaan (1858-1930), in Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland.
Biography of Christiaan Eijkman (1858-1930) at the National Library of the Netherlands

v • d • e Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine

Johannes Fibiger (1926) · Julius Wagner-Jauregg (1927) · Charles Nicolle (1928) · Christiaan Eijkman / Frederick Hopkins (1929) · Karl Landsteiner (1930) · Otto Warburg (1931) · Charles Sherrington / Edgar Adrian (1932) · Thomas Morgan (1933) · George Whipple / George Minot / William Murphy (1934) · Hans Spemann (1935) · Henry Dale / Otto Loewi (1936) · Albert Szent-Györgyi (1937) · Corneille Heymans (1938) · Gerhard Domagk (1939) · Henrik Dam / Edward Doisy (1943) · Joseph Erlanger / Herbert Gasser (1944) · Alexander Fleming / Ernst Chain / Howard Florey (1945) · Hermann Muller (1946) · Carl Cori / Gerty Cori / Bernardo Houssay (1947) · Paul Müller (1948) · Walter Hess / Egas Moniz (1949) · Edward Kendall / Tadeusz Reichstein / Philip Hench (1950)

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