Casa de Estudillo
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| Estudillo House | |
|---|---|
| (U.S. National Historic Landmark) | |
.jpg/235px-Jose_Antonio_Estudillo_House,_Mason_Street_&_San_Diego_Avenue,_Old_Town,_San_Diego_(San_Diego_County,_California).jpg) |
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| Location: | 4000 Mason Street, San Diego, California |
| Coordinates: | Coordinates: |
| Built/Founded: | 1827 |
| Architect: | Unknown |
| Architectural style(s): | Other |
| Designated as NHL: | April 15, 1970[1] |
| Added to NRHP: | April 15, 1970[2] |
| NRHP Reference#: | 70000143 |
| Governing body: | State |
The Casa de Estudillo, also known as the Estudillo House, is an adobe house in San Diego, California, United States, that was constructed in 1827 by José María Estudillo and his son José Antonio, early settlers of San Diego, and was considered one of the finest houses in Mexican California.[3] Besides being one of the oldest surviving examples of Spanish architecture in California, the house gained much prominence by association with Helen Hunt Jackson's wildly popular 1884 novel Ramona.[4] It was obtained by the State of California for Old Town San Diego State Historic Park in 1968 and declared a National Historic Landmark in 1970.[1]
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[edit] Description
The large building is a U-shaped structure, measuring 113 feet (34.4 m) on the front side, and 98 feet (29.9 m) on each of the wings.[5] It is constructed in the Spanish Colonial style, meaning that the house's 13 rooms are set consecutively in the building and connected only by an external covered corredor (as opposed to an interior hallway).[6]
The main portion (the center) contains the entrance, facing west. To its left is the chapel and to its right is the schoolroom. Both rooms originally were smaller, with bedrooms located at the ends of building, but a 1910 restoration eliminated those walls to enlarge the rooms. Two bedrooms, a living room, a kitchen (which was added at a later date), and the servants' dining room are in the north wing, while the south wing has three bedrooms and the family dining room. The house is topped by a cupola from which bullfights and festivals in the adjacent plaza could be seen.[3]
[edit] Ramona
Estudillo died in 1852, and his family stayed until 1887, when they moved to Los Angeles, leaving the house in the hands of a caretaker. Meanwhile, the 1884 publication of Ramona, a novel set in Southern California which painted a romanticized portrait of Californio life, generated a nationwide interest in the region. This, combined with the opening of the Southern Pacific and Santa Fe Railway lines (and the ensuing rate war,[7] which drove prices down to as low as $1 from St. Louis, Missouri to Los Angeles[8]), meant that hordes of tourists made their way to Southern California to see the locations in the novel. Unfortunately, Jackson died in 1885 without ever having disclosed what the actual locations in the novel were, which caused a great deal of speculation.[9]
In 1887, a front page article of the San Diego Union declared the Estudillo home to be "Ramona's Marriage Place", saying, "To sleepy Old Town (the house) is known as the Estudillos, but the outside world knows it as the marriage place of 'Ramona.'"[8] This was despite Jackson never having visited the house, but in the novel, Ramona was married in a "long, low adobe building which had served no mean purpose in the old Presidio days, but was now fallen in decay; and all its rooms, except those occupied by the Father, had been long uninhabited".[10] Despite the novel being a work of fiction, visitors flocked to the building thinking it was the actual location of Ramona's marriage. To be clear, the Union did not simply invent this story; a tourist had already scratched the name "Alessandro" (Ramona's husband in the novel) in one of the walls.[11] The caretaker decided to capitalize on the attendant publicity and began selling off pieces of the house as souvenirs. Naturally, the building's condition began to deteriorate rapidly.[9]
In 1906, the dilapidated building was purchased by the San Diego Electric Railway Company, owned by prominent San Diego citizen John D. Spreckels (who also owned the Union). In his vision, the house would anchor a number of tourist attractions connected via his railway which would realize his twin goals of developing San Diego into a popular locale and generate revenue for his company.[12] To this end, he hired architect Hazel Wood Waterman to renovate the house to a condition more closely matching descriptions in the novel. For example, the original cupola was removed because there was none mentioned in the novel. Upon its completion in 1910, it was marketed as a Ramona-related tourist attraction, and remained popular as such for years to come, even drawing 1,632 visitors on one day in 1940.[9]
Spreckels hired Tommy Getz, a theater showman to manage the property and it was under Getz's guidance that the property truly gained its Ramona association. He began strongly marketing the property: Tchotchkes of all sorts were labeled with "Ramona's Marriage Place", and more postcards were printed for the adobe than any other Ramona attraction. Due to its association with Ramona's marriage, the house was used to host weddings as well.[13] Getz eventually purchased the adobe from Spreckels in 1924.
The association with the novel was so keen that the application for National Historic Landmark status was entitled, "Casa Estudillo/Ramona's Marriage Place."[9] The Journal of San Diego History goes so far as to say that without the novel's influence and the popularity of the house, the historic buildings that make up Old Town San Diego would have been razed.[14] In fact, for a time, the Estudillos' relationship to the house was nearly forgotten.[15]
The State of California obtained the property in 1968 and set about restoring it to its pre-Ramona state, including restoring the missing cupola. In fact, the state seemed embarrassed at the property's association with the novel. The long-standing "Ramona's Marriage Place" sign was removed and brochures printed in the 1970s make no mention of the novel at all. By the 1990s, the association was no longer taboo and the state began to acknowledge the long-standing relationship to the book.[16]
Ramona no longer has the same hold on the country's imagination as it once did. It is estimated that only 1% of visitors to the Casa de Estudillo now are aware of the house's ties to the novel.[8]
[edit] Further reading
- DeLyser, Dydia (2005). "Ramona's Marriage Place", Ramona Memories: Tourism and the Shaping of Southern California. University of Minnesota Press, 98–116. ISBN 0816645728.
[edit] References
- ^ a b Estudillo House. National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Retrieved on 2007-11-17.
- ^ National Register Information System. National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service (2007-01-23).
- ^ a b Patricia Heintzelman (September, 1975), National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Estudillo HousePDF (271 KiB), National Park Service and Accompanying 7 photos, exterior and interior, from 1975, 1958, 1960, and 1968.PDF (918 KiB)
- ^ (2002) Historic Spots in California. Stanford University Press, 337. ISBN 0804744831.
- ^ Walsh, Victor. "Adobe, a link to the land", The Christian Science Monitor, December 3, 2007. Retrieved on 2008-01-24.
- ^ McKowen, Ken & Dahlynn (2006). Best of California's Missions, Mansions, and Museums. Wilderness Press, 290–91. ISBN 0899973981.
- ^ "Home of Ramona: Cover". Santa Clarita Valley Historical Society. Retrieved on 2007-04-09.
- ^ a b c Showley, Roger M.. "A novel approach to our lifestyle", San Diego Union-Tribune, June 26, 2005. Retrieved on 2008-01-24.
- ^ a b c d Triem, Judith P.; Stone, Mitch. Rancho Camulos: National Register of Historic Places Nomination (significance). San Buenaventura Research Associates. Retrieved on 2007-04-13.
- ^ Jackson, Helen Maria Hunt (1912). Ramona, A Story. Boston: Little, Brown, and Co., 270–71.
- ^ DeLyser, p. 101
- ^ DeLyser, pp. 102–03
- ^ DeLyser, p. 110
- ^ "Book Review: Helen Hunt Jackson by Evelyn I. Banning" (Fall 1974). The Journal of San Diego History 20 (4).
- ^ DeLyser, p. 115
- ^ DeLyser, p. 114
[edit] External links
- Jose Antonio Estudillo House: 7 photos, 6 drawings, and 3 data pages, at Historic American Building Survey
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