Capias ad respondendum

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In the common law legal systems, capias ad respondendum (Latin: "that you take to hear the judgment") is or was a writ issued by a court to bring the defendant, having failed to appear, to hear the judgment to be imposed.

In the United States, this writ was replaced by the practice of serving process directly to the person of the defendant in order to compel him to appear before the court to establish in personam jurisdiction over him according to his rights under the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

See International Shoe Co. v. Washington 326 US 310 (1945):

But now that the capias ad respondendum has given way to personal service of summons or other form of notice, due process requires only that in order to subject a defendant to a judgment in personam, if he be not present within the territory of the forum, he have certain minimum contacts with it such that the maintenance of the suit does not offend 'traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice.'

In the United Kingdom, this writ was abolished by the Crown Proceedings Act 1947.