C. Alan B. Clemetson

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C. Alan B. Clemetson, MD
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Born 1923
Died 2006

Charles Alan Blake "Alan" Clemetson MD, FRCOG, FRCSC, FACOG (October 31, 1923 – August 30, 2006) was a medical doctor, scientist and researcher who published over 48 medical papers and a three-volume monograph, Vitamin C.[1] During his hospital and teaching career he specialised in obstetrics and gynecology. After retirement in 1991 he devoted his time to researching and publishing papers on Barlow's disease (scurvy in infants), particularly arguing this to be the major cause of Shaken baby syndrome.

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[edit] Biography

Dr. Clemetson was born in Canterbury, England, attending Wootton Court preparatory school, Wootton, Kent (1930-1935) and The King's School, Canterbury (1935-1942). After preclinical studies at Magdalen College, University of Oxford, he completed his training at Radcliffe Infirmary, graduating from Oxford University in 1948 with a Bachelor of Medicine & Bachelor of Surgery (B.M., B.Ch) degree.[2]

He married Helen Cowan Forster, a physiotherapist, on March 29, 1947. They had four children.[2]

After graduation, he became a Royal Air Force medical officer for two years, and then returned to Oxford University in 1950 for a MA degree. In 1950, as a research assistant in Obstetrics, he started to pursue research into preeclamptic toxaemia and started to publish medical papers in 1953. In 1951-1952, he was named a Nichols Research Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine. From 1952 through 1956, he served at various hospitals in England as the House Surgeon of either Obstetrics or Gynecology, and, in 1956, became a lecturer in Obstetrics and Gynecology at London University.

Dr. Clemetson immigrated to Saskatoon, Canada (1958 -1961), becoming an assistant professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Saskatoon. During this period, he began to be interested in vitamin C while on an expedition to Rankin Inlet, Nunavut on Hudson Bay, impressed by the good capillary strength of the local Inuit, surmising this to be due to raw fish in their diet.[2]

Then, in 1961, he moved to California and assumed a position as an assistant professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of California, San Francisco Medical Center, and a lecturer in the Department of Maternal and Child Health at the University of California, Berkeley.

In 1967, he assumed a teaching position (1967–1972) as an assistant professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology with the State University of New York, Brooklyn. He also became the Director of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department (1967-1981) at the Methodist Hospital of Brooklyn, New York. In addition (1972-1981), he served as a professor in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Downstate Medical Center of the State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York.

Dr. Clemetson moved to New Orleans, Louisiana in 1981, and became a professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Tulane University School of Medicine, and the Director of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Huey P. Long Medical Center, Pineville, Louisiana. He also became a consultant in Gynecology for the Department of Surgery, Veterans Administration Hospital, Pineville, Louisiana.

Upon his retirement in 1991 as a Professor Emeritus, Tulane University School of Medicine, Dr. Clemetson devoted his remaining years to writing and publishing medical papers concerning Shaken baby syndrome.

Near the end of his life, he narrowly escaped the New Orleans disaster from Hurricane Katrina, having been warned by the meteorologist brother-in-law of his carer. He escaped with the latter over the Lake Pontchartrain bridge the day before it was destroyed. He lived in Houston, Texas for nearly a year while his family restored his house, but died of heart failure a few weeks after this was completed.[2]

[edit] Achievements

Dr. Clemetson had a long and distinguished academic career as a medical doctor, scientist and researcher. During his forty year professional career, he implemented numerous scientific studies and was instrumental in furthering scientific knowledge. The following listed achievements are highlights of his life’s work that are contained in his extensive Curriculum Vitae.

Dr. Clemetson's most notable medico-legal achievement was as the father of the “Motherhood Bill”, which requires that all medical insurance carriers in the State of New York include coverage for pregnancy and complications of pregnancy. This so-called Donovan Bill rapidly spread to all 50 states.

    • University College Hospital – London – 1950-1952 / 1956-1958
      • Demonstrated the effects of cord around the neck and of preeclampsia on the oxygen saturation of newborn infants.
      • Published the first study of “small-for-dates” infants in his studies of “the difference in birth weight of human twins.”
      • Demonstrated impaired active transfer of amino acids from mother to fetus in preeclampsia.
      • Demonstrated aortic hypoplasia in some patients following severe early preeclampsia.
      • Performed and published successful open cardiac massage outside of hospital.
    • University of California Medical Center – San Francisco – 1961–1967
      • Bioflavonoids and catechins - Solved the old “Vitamin P” problem, by showing that bioflavonoids with certain structural characteristics act as indirect antioxidants for Vitamin C. See: Plant Polyphenols Monograph in New York Academy of Sciences.
      • Preeclampsia - Demonstrated a disturbance of ascorbic acid metabolism in preeclampsia and in abruptio placentae.
    • Methodist Hospital of Brooklyn – New York – 1967–1981
      • Developed a new method for measuring the bilirubin content of amniotic fluid.
      • In collaboration with the Department of Anesthesiology, he showed an improved oxygen saturation in the umbilical cord of blood of babies delivered by Caesarean Section under spinal anesthesia when the mother is placed in a left-side-down tilt position.
      • In collaboration with Drs. Mallikarjuneswara and Moshfeghi, he was able to measure the electrical charge on fertilized rat ova, and this was the first time that anyone had ever measured the electrical charge on any mammalian ovum.
      • He showed conclusively that women on the pill need more Vitamin C than usual, and, as a result of this, a special vitamin formula called “Feminins” was developed and marketed for women on the pill.
      • His research on the uterine luminal fluid in the rat showed that estrogen causes secretion and progesterone causes reabsorption of uterine luminal fluid.
      • In collaboration with Dr. J.K. Kim and others, he showed that the luteal phase of the human menstrual cycle is the reabsorptive phase, and not the secretory phase.
      • In recent research, he has shown that people with low vitamin C levels have very high blood histamine levels.
      • He was able to relate the above observation to abruptio placentae, as women with low ascorbate (Vitamin C) and high histamine levels are prone to develop premature separation of the placenta.
    • Tulane University School of Medicine 1981–1990
      • Wrote three-volume monograph, Vitamin C,[1] published by CRC Press in 1989.

[edit] Medical hypotheses

In 1964, Dr. Clemetson conducted and published the first studies[3] concerning ascorbic acid (vitamin C) metabolism and depletion in preeclampsia.

After Dr. Clemetson’s retirement from teaching in 1991, his work focused on developing the hypothesis that the hemorrhages seen in infants with Shaken baby syndrome are caused not by inflicted trauma, but by capillary damage due to Barlow's disease (subclinical scurvy) - a condition called by proponents Clemetson/Kalokerinos syndrome. The mechanism he argued to be high histamine levels associated with low serum vitamin C, the latter deficiency arising before birth due to factors such as the pregnant mother's malnutrition, and in the infant by recurrent infections and recent multiple vaccinations.[2]

His four main papers on this topic, published in the journal Medical Hypotheses, are: The Key Role of Histamine in the Development of Atherosclerosis and Coronary heart disease[4]; Barlow's disease (2002) [5]; Capillary Fragility as a Cause of Subdural Hemorrhage in Infants (2004)[6]; and Elevated Blood Histamine Caused by Vaccinations and Vitamin C Deficiency May Mimic the Shaken Baby Syndrome (2004).[7]

A review of this hypothesis in the journal Pediatrics International concluded that there was "no convincing evidence to conclude that vitamin C deficiency can be considered to be a cause of shaken baby syndrome", but recommenced that further research be conducted, to thoroughly test the hypothesis.[8]

[edit] Work cited

Commission on Life Sciences - National Academies Press (USA)

[edit] Publications

Books

  • Vitamin C, Volumes I, II, III. Monograph by C.A.B. Clemetson, 1989 CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, ISBN 0-8493-4841-2

Journal articles

[edit] Past memberships in learned societies

  • Member of the British Medical Association
  • Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine
  • Member of the New York Academy of Sciences
  • Member of the New York Obstetrical Society
  • President of the Brooklyn Gynecological Society
  • Member of the Medical Society of the County of Kings and Academy of Medicine of Brooklyn
  • Fellow of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
  • Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Canada
  • Fellow of the American College of Nutrition

[edit] Notes and references

  1. ^ a b Yu MH. "Books: Vitamin C, Vols. 1 to 3", J AM Diet. Assoc 90(5):756.
  2. ^ a b c d e BMJ 2007;334:1327 (23 June), doi:10.1136/bmj.39245.750637.BE
  3. ^ Clemetson CA, Andersen L (Nov 1964). "Ascorbic Acid Metabolism In Preeclampsia.". "Obstet Gynecol" 24: 744–82. PMID 14227609. 
  4. ^ (1999)Clemetson CA (Apr 1992). "The key role of histamine in the development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.". "Med Hypotheses" 52 (1): 1–8 Review. doi:10.1054/mehy.1997.0775. PMID 10342662. 
  5. ^ Clemetson CA (Jul 2002). "Barlow's Disease.". "Med Hypotheses." 59 (1): 52–6. doi:10.1016/S0306-9877(02)00114-7. PMID 12160680. 
  6. ^ Clemetson CAB (Jul 2004). "Capillary Fragility as a Cause of Substantial Hemorrhage in Infants."" (PDF). Medical Hypotheses And Research 1 (2/3): 121–129. 
  7. ^ Clemetson CA (2004). "Elevated blood histamine caused by vaccinations and Vitamin C deficiency may mimic the shaken baby syndrome.". Med Hypotheses. 62 (4): 533–6. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2003.12.023. PMID 15050101. 
  8. ^ Fung EL, Nelson EA (2004). "Could Vitamin C deficiency have a role in shaken baby syndrome?". Pediatr Int 46 (6): 753–5. doi:10.1111/j.1442-200x.2004.01977.x. PMID 15660885. 

[edit] See also

[edit] External links