Cîteaux Abbey
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Cîteaux Abbey (French: Abbaye de Cîteaux) is a Roman Catholic abbey located in Saint-Nicolas-lès-Cîteaux, south of Dijon, France. Today it belongs to the Trappists, or Cistercians of the Strict Observance (OCSO). The Cistercian order takes its name from this mother house of Cîteaux, earlier Cisteaux, near Nuits-Saint-Georges. The abbey has about 35 members.
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[edit] History
- Main article: Cistercians.
The abbey of Cîteaux was founded in 1098 by Saint Robert of Molesme, who became the first abbot, under the rule of Saint Benedict.
Saint Bernard, a monk of Cîteaux Abbey, left it to found Clairvaux Abbey in 1115, of which he was the first abbot. His influence in the Cistercian order and beyond is of prime importance, and he is probably the best known personality in the Cistercian order. He reaffirmed the importance of strict observance to the rules of Saint Benedict.
The great church of Cîteaux, begun near 1140, was completed in 1193. The Dukes of Burgundy would be buried there.
During the Albigensian Crusade of the 12th century a former abbot of Cîteaux is purported to have said, "Novit enim Dominus qui sunt eius" (Kill them all. God will know his own). However famous this quote is, current scholarship suggests that it is incorrectly ascribed to the abbot.
The influence of the Cistercian order was growing, owing much to Saint Bernard, and at the beginning of the 13th century the order had more than 500 houses. Cîteaux was then an important center of Christianity. In 1244, King Louis IX of France (Saint Louis) and his mother Blanche of Castile visited the abbey.
During the Hundred Years' War, the monastery was pillaged in 1360 (when the monks sought refuge in Dijon), 1365, 1434 and 1438.
In the beginning of the 16th century, the abbey was a strong community of about 200 members. The abbey was badly hit by the French Wars of Religion.
The abbey then slowly declined for the next century. In 1698, the abbey only had 72 professed monks.
In 1791, during the French Revolution, the abbey was seized and sold by the government.
In 1898, the remains of the abbey were bought back and repopulated by monks of other abbeys.
[edit] Current activities
The monks, faithful to a tradition of manual work, sell their products to the public: the well reputed Cîteaux cheese, but also honey candies and caramels.
[edit] References
- Plouvier, M. and Saint-Denis, A. (eds.), 1998: Pour une histoire monumentale de Cîteaux, 1098-1998 (Commentarii cistercienses. Studia et documenta, 8), Cîteaux.
[edit] External links
- Official site (in French)
- History of Cîteaux Abbey (in French)
[edit] Pictures
