Bronchorrhea

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Bronchorrhea is the production of more than 100 mL per day of watery sputum.[1] Chronic bronchitis is a common cause, but it may also be caused by asthma,[2] pulmonary contusion,[3] bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, cancer, scorpion stings, and poisoning by organophosphates and other poisons. Massive bronchorrhea may occur in either bronchioloalveolar cancer, or in metastatic cancer that is growing in a bronchioloalveolar pattern.[1][4][5]

[edit] Treatment

Treatment options include

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b Lembo T, Donnelly T (1995). "A case of pancreatic carcinoma causing massive bronchial fluid production and electrolyte abnormalities". Chest 108 (4): 1161–3. doi:10.1378/chest.108.4.1161. PMID 7555132. 
  2. ^ Shimura S, Sasaki T, Sasaki H, Takishima T (1988). "Chemical properties of bronchorrhea sputum in bronchial asthma". Chest 94 (6): 1211–5. doi:10.1378/chest.94.6.1211. PMID 2903819. 
  3. ^ Gavelli G, Canini R, Bertaccini P, Battista G, Bnà C, Fattori R (June 2002). "Traumatic injuries: imaging of thoracic injuries". European Radiology 12 (6): 1273–1294. doi:10.1007/s00330-002-1439-6. PMID 12042932. 
  4. ^ Shimura S, Takishima T (1994). "Bronchorrhea from diffuse lymphangitic metastasis of colon carcinoma to the lung". Chest 105 (1): 308–10. doi:10.1378/chest.105.1.308. PMID 8275762. 
  5. ^ Mito K, Yamakami Y, Kashima K, Mizunoe S, Tokimatsu I, Ichimiya T, Hiramatsu K, Nagai H, Kadota J, Nasu M (2002). "[A case of suspected lung metastasis of pancreatic carcinoma with bronchorrhea similar to bronchioloalveolar carcinoma]". Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi 40 (8): 666–70. PMID 12428395. 
  6. ^ Kitazaki T, Soda H, Doi S, Nakano H, Nakamura Y, Kohno S (2005). "Gefitinib inhibits MUC5AC synthesis in mucin-secreting non-small cell lung cancer cells". Lung Cancer 50 (1): 19–24. doi:10.1016/j.lungcan.2005.05.005. PMID 16009452. 
  7. ^ Kitazaki T, Fukuda M, Soda H, Kohno S (2005). "Novel effects of gefitinib on mucin production in bronchioloalveolar carcinoma; two case reports". Lung Cancer 49 (1): 125–8. doi:10.1016/j.lungcan.2004.11.027. PMID 15949598. 
  8. ^ Milton D, Kris M, Gomez J, Feinstein M (2005). "Prompt control of bronchorrhea in patients with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma treated with gefitinib (Iressa)". Support Care Cancer 13 (1): 70–2. doi:10.1007/s00520-004-0717-z. PMID 15558327. 
  9. ^ "Successful treatment of persistent bronchorrhea by gefitinib in a case with Recurrent Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma: a case report" (2003). World J Surg Oncol 1 (1): 8. doi:10.1186/1477-7819-1-8. PMID 12917017. 
  10. ^ Yano S, Kanematsu T, Miki T, Aono Y, Azuma M, Yamamoto A, Uehara H, Sone S (2003). "A report of two bronchioloalveolar carcinoma cases which were rapidly improved by treatment with the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor[[ ZD1839 ("Iressa") |journal]]=Cancer Sci" 94 (5): 453–8. PMID 12824893. 
  11. ^ Tamaoki J, Kohri K, Isono K, Nagai A (2000). "Inhaled indomethacin in bronchorrhea in bronchioloalveolar carcinoma: role of cyclooxygenase". Chest 117 (4): 1213–4. doi:10.1378/chest.117.4.1213. PMID 10767270. 
  12. ^ Homma S, Kawabata M, Kishi K, Tsuboi E, Narui K, Nakatani T, Nakata K (1999). "Successful treatment of refractory bronchorrhea by inhaled indomethacin in two patients with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma". Chest 115 (5): 1465–8. doi:10.1378/chest.115.5.1465. PMID 10334175. 
  13. ^ Tamaoki J, Chiyotani A, Kobayashi K, Sakai N, Kanemura T, Takizawa T (1992). "Effect of indomethacin on bronchorrhea in patients with chronic bronchitis, diffuse panbronchiolitis, or bronchiectasis". Am Rev Respir Dis 145 (3): 548–52. PMID 1546834. 
  14. ^ Nakajima T, Terashima T, Nishida J, Onoda M, Koide O (2002). "Treatment of bronchorrhea by corticosteroids in a case of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma producing CA19-9". Intern Med 41 (3): 225–8. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.41.225. PMID 11929186. 
  15. ^ Hudson E, Lester J, Attanoos R, Linnane S, Byrne A (2006). "Successful treatment of bronchorrhea with octreotide in a patient with adenocarcinoma of the lung". J Pain Symptom Manage 32 (3): 200–2. doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2006.05.003. PMID 16939841. 
  16. ^ Krawtz S, Mehta A, Vijayakumar S, Stoller J (1988). "Palliation of massive bronchorrhea". Chest 94 (6): 1313–4. PMID 2461277. 
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