Brighton hotel bombing
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| Brighton Hotel Bombing | |
|---|---|
 The Grand Hotel after the bombing |
|
| Location | Brighton, England |
| Coordinates | Coordinates: |
| Date | October 12, 1984 |
| Attack type | time bomb |
| Deaths | 5 |
| Perpetrator(s) | Patrick Magee (Provisional IRA) |
The Brighton hotel bombing was the attack by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) on the Grand Hotel in the English resort city of Brighton in the early morning of October 12, 1984.
The organisation detonated a bomb in the section of the hotel where many politicians, including Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, were staying for the British Conservative Party conference.
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[edit] The bombing
The bomb went off at 2.54 am. Thatcher was still awake at the time, working on her conference speech for the next day in her suite. It badly damaged her bathroom but left her sitting room and bedroom unscathed. Thatcher and her husband Denis escaped injury. Thatcher changed her clothes, and then was escorted by the security guards to Brighton police station. She and her husband were then taken to Lewes Police College, where they stayed for the rest of the night.
As she left the hotel she gave an impromptu interview to the BBC's John Cole at around 4am where she said the conference would go on as usual. Alistair McAlpine persuaded Marks & Spencer to open early so those who had lost their clothes in the bombing could get new ones. Thatcher went from the conference to visit the injured at the Royal Sussex County Hospital.
[edit] Casualties
The bomb failed to kill Thatcher or any of her government ministers. Five people were killed, including Conservative MP Sir Anthony Berry, and Parliamentary Treasury Secretary John Wakeham's first wife Roberta. Sir Donald Maclean and his wife, Muriel, were in the room in which the bomb exploded. She was not killed in the explosion, but later died of her injuries, and Sir Donald was seriously injured. The other victims killed by the blast were Eric Taylor and Jeanne Shattock. Several others, including Margaret Tebbit—the wife of Norman Tebbit, who was then President of the Board of Trade—were left permanently disabled. Thirty-four people were taken to hospital but recovered from their injuries.
[edit] IRA responsibility
The IRA claimed responsibility the next day, and said that they would try again. Their statement read:
"Mrs Thatcher will now realise that Britain cannot occupy our country and torture our prisoners and shoot our people in their own streets and get away with it. Today we were unlucky, but remember we only have to be lucky once. You will have to be lucky always. Give Ireland peace and there will be no more war."[1]
[edit] Reactions
Margaret Thatcher began the next session of the conference at 9.30 am the following morning as scheduled. She omitted most of the planned attacks on the Labour Party from her speech and claimed the bombing was "an attempt to cripple Her Majesty's democratically elected Government":
"That is the scale of the outrage in which we have all shared, and the fact that we are gathered here now—shocked, but composed and determined—is a sign not only that this attack has failed, but that all attempts to destroy democracy by terrorism will fail."[2]
One of her biographer's wrote that Thatcher's "coolness, in the immediate aftermath of the attack and in the hours after it, won universal admiration. Her defiance was another Churchillian moment in her premiership which seemed to encapsulate both her own steely character and the British public's stoical refusal to submit to terrorism".[3] Immediately afterwards her popularity soared to near-Falklands levels.[4] On the first Saturday after the attack Thatcher said to her constituents: "We suffered a tragedy not one of us could have thought would happen in our country. And we picked ourselves up and sorted ourselves out as all good British people do, and I thought, let us stand together for we are British! They were trying to destroy the fundamental freedom that is the birth-right of every British citizen, freedom, justice and democracy".[5]
[edit] Magee
In September 1986, Patrick Magee, then aged 35, was found guilty of planting the bomb, exploding it, and of five counts of murder. He had stayed in the hotel under the false name of Roy Walsh three weeks prior to the conference and planted the bomb, with a long-delay timer, in his room, number 629.
Magee received eight life sentences: seven for offences relating to the Brighton bombing, and the eighth for a separate bombing conspiracy. The judge recommended he serve a minimum term of 35 years. Later Home Secretary Michael Howard increased this minimum to "whole life". However, he was released from prison in 1999, having served only 14 years in prison (including the time before his sentencing), under the terms of the Good Friday agreement. A Downing Street spokesperson said that his release "was hard to stomach" and an appeal by then Home Secretary Jack Straw to prevent it was turned down by the Northern Ireland High Court.
Following his release Magee was reported to have said "I stand by what I did," inflaming the anger of survivors and the bereaved towards him. Whilst he admitted partial responsibility for planning the attack, he maintains that the fingerprint evidence found on a registration card recovered from the hotel was faked — "If that was my fingerprint I did not put it there," he said in a newspaper interview after his release.
[edit] Notes
- ^ Taylor, Peter (2001). Brits. Bloomsbury Publishing, p. 265. ISBN 0-7475-5806-X.
- ^ Margaret Thatcher, Speech to Conservative Party Conference, 12 October 1984
- ^ John Campbell, Margaret Thatcher. The Iron Lady (Jonathan Cape, 2003), p. 432.
- ^ Campbell, p. 432.
- ^ Margaret Thatcher, Speech to Finchley Conservatives, 20 October 1984
[edit] Sources
- Reprint of BBC television news report on the morning of the attack
- BBC News photo journal of the attack
- BBC News report on Straw's attempt to prevent the early release of Magee
- Guardian story on the release of Magee in 1999
- An Phoblacht: Interview with Pat Magee regarding the Brighton bombing
- BBC report on Magee being convicted of the bombing
