BM-27
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| BM-27 Uragan (9P140) | |
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 BM-27 at the St Petersburg Artillery Museum |
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| Type | Multiple rocket launcher |
| Place of origin |  Soviet Union |
| Service history | |
| In service | late 1970s to the present |
| Wars | Soviet war in Afghanistan, Chechen wars |
| Specifications | |
| Weight | 20 tonnes |
| Crew | 4 |
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| Calibre | 220 mm |
| Barrels | 16 |
| Effective range | 35 km |
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| Suspension | 8×8 wheeled |
| Operational range |
500 km |
The BM-27 Uragan (Russian: Ураган, 'hurricane'; GRAU index 9P140) is a self-propelled multiple rocket launcher system designed in the Soviet Union. It began its service with the Soviet Army in the late 1970s, as its first modern spin and fin stabilized heavy multiple rocket launcher. This system is capable of launching 220mm rockets from 16 launch tubes mounted on the rear of a ZIL-135 8 by 8 chassis. This vehicle is extremely similar to that used in the FROG-7 free flight rocket system. It has 2 gasoline engines that power its 20 tonnes to a maximum speed of 65 kilometers per hour. One engine drives the 4 wheels on the left of the truck while the other engine drives the 4 wheels on the right. The ZIL-135 has 8 wheel drive, but only the front and rear axels are used for steering. It has a maximum cruising range of 500 kilometers.
The cab of the ZIL-135 is NBC protected, allowing the rockets to be fired without exposing the crew to possible contaminants. The crew of 4 can emplace or displace the system in 3 minutes.
Before firing, stabilizing jacks must be lowered and the blast shield raised to protect the cab and its occupants. Indirect fire aiming is achieved with the use of a PG-1 panoramic telescope. Although there are no night vision sights, the driver of the launch vehicle is equipped with a night vision device.
The BM-27 can use HE-Frag, chemical, or scatterable mine (PTM-3 or PFM-1) submunition equipped rockets all of which are detonated by electric timing fuses. Each rocket weighs 280.4 kilograms. The warheads weigh between 90 and 100 kilograms depending on type. A full salvo of 16 rockets can be fired in 20 seconds and can engage targets within a range of 35 kilometers.
Because of the size of the warhead, the range of the rocket and the speed that a salvo can be delivered, the BM-27 is very effective at mine laying. 312 anti-personnel PFM-1 mines can be scattered by each of a BM-27s 16 220mm rockets. Minefields can be laid behind a retreating enemy or even be used to trap an enemy by encircling them with mines. Tactics such as this were often used by the Soviets in Afghanistan.
Once the rockets have been fired, 9T452 (another ZIL-135 based vehicle) is used to assist in reloading. It carries additional rockets and a crane to transfer the rockets from the reload vehicle to the launcher. The entire reloading procedure takes around 20 minutes.
[edit] Operators
Afghanistan - 18 (captured gun,not functional)
Belarus - 84
Guinea - 3
Kazakhstan - 180
Moldova - 11
Russia - 500-800
Tajikistan - 12
Tanzania - 48
Turkmenistan - 54
Ukraine - 139
Uzbekistan - 48
Yemen - 13
[edit] See also
- Katyusha, BM-13, BM-8, and BM-31 multiple rocket launchers of World War II
- BM-14 140mm multiple rocket launcher
- BM-21 122mm multiple rocket launcher
[edit] External links
| Soviet and post-Soviet armoured fighting vehicles after World War II | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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| List of armoured fighting vehicles by country | ||||||||||||||||||||||
