Bernardino Machado
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| Bernardino Machado | |
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Minister for Foreign Affairs
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| In office October 5, 1910 – September 3, 1911 |
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| Prime Minister | Teófilo Braga (as President of the Provisional Government) |
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| Preceded by | José de Azevedo Castelo Branco |
| Succeeded by | João Chagas |
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| In office February 9, 1914 – December 12, 1914 |
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| President | Manuel de Arriaga |
| Preceded by | Afonso Costa Rodrigo José Rodrigues (Min.) |
| Succeeded by | Victor Hugo de Azevedo Coutinho Alexandre Braga (Min.) |
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Minister for Foreign Affairs
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| In office February 9, 1914 – May 23, 1914 |
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| Prime Minister | Himself |
| Preceded by | António Caetano Macieira |
| Succeeded by | Alfredo Augusto Freire de Andrade |
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Minister for Justice
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| In office June 23, 1914 – July 23, 1914 |
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| Prime Minister | Himself |
| Preceded by | Manuel Monteiro |
| Succeeded by | Eduardo Augusto de Sousa Monteiro |
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| In office August 6, 1915 – December 5, 1917 |
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| Preceded by | Teófilo Braga |
| Succeeded by | Sidónio Pais (as Prime Minister Head of State later as President) |
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| In office March 2, 1921 – May 23, 1921 |
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| President | António José de Almeida |
| Preceded by | Liberato Pinto (also as Minister) |
| Succeeded by | Tomé de Barros Queirós Abel Hipólito (Min.) |
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Minister for Agriculture (interim)
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| In office March 2, 1921-May 4, 1921 – May 19, 1921-May 23, 1921 |
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| Prime Minister | Himself |
| Preceded by | João Gonçalves (1st time) Albano de Portugal Durão (2nd time) |
| Succeeded by | Albano de Portugal Durão (1st time) Manuel de Sousa da Câmara (2nd time) |
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| In office December 11, 1925 – May 31, 1926 |
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| Preceded by | Manuel Teixeira Gomes |
| Succeeded by | José Mendes Cabeçadas |
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| Born | March 28, 1851 Rio de Janeiro, Empire of Brazil |
| Died | April 29, 1944 (aged 93) Famalicão, Portugal |
| Political party | Portuguese Republican Party (later Democratic Party) |
| Spouse | Elisa Dantas Gonçalves Pereira, Mrs. Machado |
| Children | António Luís, Miguel, Jerónima, Narciso Luís, Domingos Luís |
| Alma mater | University of Coimbra |
| Occupation | Diplomat (Ambassador) Mathematician Professor at the University of Coimbra |
Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães, GCTE, GCL (pronounced [bɨɾnaɾˈdinu mɐˈʃadu]) (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 28 March 1851 – Porto, Portugal, 29 April 1944), was a famous Portuguese political figure, and twice president of Portugal (1915–17, 1925–26).
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[edit] Early life
He was the son of António Luís Machado Guimarães, 1st Baron de Joane and a Nobleman of the Royal Household, a rich merchant raised to the Nobility, and his second wife Praxedes de Sousa Guimarães. He came to Portugal in 1860, enrolled at Coimbra University in 1866, studied Mathematics for 3 years, and graduated in Philosophy in 1873. In 1872, he chose to obtain Portuguese nationality. Continuing with his studies, obtained a doctorate in Philosophy in 1876, and graduation in General Agriculture and Rural Economy in 1883. He lectured at that institution since 1877.
[edit] Political scene
.jpg/180px-Bernardino_Machado_(official).jpg)
He then turned to a second interest; in 1882 was elected to the Portuguese parliament for Lamego, and in 1886 for Coimbra. In 1890 and 1894 was also elected Peer of the Realm by the Coimbra University. During this period he was briefly Minister for Public Works on the Hintze Ribeiro cabinet, in 1893 and created the first labour court in Portugal. Taking a special interest in public education during his political activity he was made part of the Superior Council of Public Education in 1892, and published several books on the subject. Machado was also briefly President of the Directory of the Democratic Party in 1902, and after switching to the Republican Party, was this party's President of the Directory from 1906 to 1909. He was one of the few Monarchists-turned-Republican who switched still during Monarchy.
Once the Republic was proclaimed in 1910 he was made Minister for Foreign Affairs, and ran an unsuccessful campaign for the Presidential elections of 1911. Afterwards appointed ambassador to Brazil, made his political comeback in 1914 to lead one of many brief cabinets the country had in this period. Machado ran again to the Presidency in 1915 and was this time elected President of Portugal. In the course of his term, he would receive Germany's declaration of war (March, 1916), and would visit the Portuguese forces placed in France in the battlefields.
In 1917 the government was deposed by a military coup headed by Sidónio Pais, and Machado went into exile.
Upon Machado's return in 1919 he was elected Senator. He served as Prime Minister from 10 February to 23 May 1921. Once again, in 1925, he achieved the presidential office after President Teixeira Gomes resigned, only to be overthrown a year later (1926) by Gomes da Costa (See: 28th May 1926 coup d'état and Ditadura Nacional). The country remained under a military, then civilian, dictatorship until 1974.
For a second time he went into exile in France, where he continued to be very critical of the Portuguese regime. The German occupation of France in 1940 forced him to seek protection in Portugal, which the government granted him with the condition that he was to be confined to his personal retreat in the northern part of Portugal. It was there in Oporto that he died in 1944.
[edit] Personal life
He was father-in-law of the famous writer Aquilino Ribeiro.
[edit] Books
- Introdução à Pedagogia, 1902
- O Ensino, 1898
- O Ensino Primário e Secundário, 1899
- O Ensino Superior, 1900
| Preceded by Afonso Costa |
Prime Minister of Portugal (President of the Ministry) 1914 |
Succeeded by Victor Hugo de Azevedo Coutinho |
| Preceded by Teófilo Braga |
President of Portugal 1915–1917 |
Succeeded by Sidónio Pais |
| Preceded by Liberato Pinto |
Prime Minister of Portugal (President of the Ministry) 1921 |
Succeeded by Tomé José de Barros Queirós |
| Preceded by Manuel Teixeira Gomes |
President of Portugal 1925–1926 |
Succeeded by Mendes Cabeçadas |
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| Persondata | |
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| NAME | Machado, Bernardino |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | Portuguese president |
| DATE OF BIRTH | March 28, 1851 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 29, 1944 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | Porto, Portugal |
