Bergeron diagram

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Bergeron diagram method is a method to value the reflection's effects on an electric signal. This graphic method - based on the real line's characteristic - is valid both for linear and non linear models and helps to calculate the delay of an electromagnetic signal on an electric line.

Using Bergeron method, on the I-V characteristic chart start from the regime point before transition, then move with a straight line with $Z 0$ slope ( $Z 0$ is the line's characteristic impedance) to the new characteristic; then move with lines with $- Z 0$ or $+ Z 0$ slope until reaching the new regime situation.

The $Z 0$ value is considered always the same at every reflection because the Bergeron method is used only for first reflections.