Battle of Guilin-Liuzhou

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Battle of Guilin-Liuzhou
Part of the Second Sino-Japanese War
Date 16 August - 24 November 1944 Location Vicinities of Guilin and Liuzhou, Guangxi Result Decisive Japanese victory
Belligerents
National Revolutionary Army, China United States Army Air Forces, United States	11th Army Group, 23rd Army Group, Imperial Japanese Army, Japan
Commanders
Bai Chongxi, Zhang Fakui, Kan Weiyong†, Chen Jihuan†, Lü Zhanmeng†	Yasuji Okamura , Hisakazu Tanaka
Strength
400,000 troops in 50 divisions	150,000 troops in 8 divisions and 2 brigades
Casualties and losses
Over 100,000 killed, wounded or captured	10,000

The Battle of Guilin-Liuzhou (traditional Chinese: 桂柳會戰; simplified Chinese: 桂柳会战; pinyin: Gùilǐu Huìzhàn), also known as the Battle of Guiliu was one of the 22 major engagements between the National Revolutionary Army and Imperial Japanese Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

This battle was the third of the three-part Battle of Henan-Hunan-Guangxi, also known as Operation Ichigo. As part of the said Operation, a major aim of this attack was to connect the pieces of Japanese-held territory, and also, to destroy airbases in the area which were housing USAAF aircraft.

In August, after battles in Hunan and Guangdong, the 11th and 23rd Armies of the IJA launched attacks towards Guilin and Liuzhou, respectively. The NRA troops defending the area were mainly the remnants from the Battle of Hengyang, and therefore, only 20,000 troops were at Guilin on 1 November when the Japanese started their attack on the city. After 10 days of intense fighting, the Japanese occupied Guilin, and on the same day entered Liuzhou as well. Fighting continued sporadically as Chinese forces made their rapid retreat, and on 24 November the Japanese were in control of 75 counties in Guangxi, roughly 2/3 its area, and is said to have killed 215,000 civilians in reprisal and during crossfire, wounding more than 431,000.

[edit] Evaluation

After Guilin and Liuzhou were lost, most NRA troops lost moral and retreated without ever engaging the enemy, resulting in tremendous loss of materiel and manpower. In addition, despite substantial air superiority provided by USAAF and NRA aircraft, the Chinese did not utilise these advantages effectively and lost battles in mere days, making this one of the most devastating losses during the entire Second Sino-Japanese war.

However, despite having destroyed the airbases in this region, the USAAF could still strike at the Japanese main islands from their other bases. Although the Japanese partially accomplished the goals of Operation Ichigo, it increased the area that Japanese troops had to defend, and substantially thinned out their lines, setting up a favourable situation for subsequent counterattacks by Chinese forces.