Battle of Aspromonte
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- Main article: Expedition against Rome.
The Battle of Aspromonte, named for the mountain near Reggio Calabria in southern Italy and fought August 29, 1862, is an inconclusive episode of the Italian unification process.
The delicate questione Romana surrounded the presence of French troops of Napoleon III in Rome, in order to protect the Papal States from inclusion into the new Kingdom of Italy. The new Italian government was attempting to keep a low profile on the issue, but the Italian general and patriot Giuseppe Garibaldi attempted for the second time to march on Rome, to liberate the city as he had previously, with the intention of reuniting the Kingdom of Italy with its natural capital. With him he had 3,000 volunteers. The intransigent reaction of the French and their client, the immovable Pius IX, constrained the Italian prime minister Urbano Rattazzi to intervene. He sent general Enrico Cialdini to stop Garibaldi.
In the encounter, a few kilometers from Gambarie, Garibaldi was wounded and taken prisoner.
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