Anismus

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Anismus (also known as spastic pelvic floor syndrome[1] or anal sphincter dyssynergia[2]) is an extreme contraction of the external anal sphincter[3] when straining (usually during defecation). It can cause constipation[4]. It is more common in women, and has been associated with sexual abuse.[5]

[edit] Treatment

Biofeedback is used to treat anismus, though there is some debate [6] about whether this is effective. Other therapies, such as botulin toxin type-A[7] injections have been considered.

[edit] References

  1. ^ Bleijenberg G, Kuijpers HC: Treatment of the spastic pelvic floor syndrome with biofeedback. Dis Colon Rectum 1987, 30:108-111
  2. ^ Help for Constipation
  3. ^ Anismus - WrongDiagnosis.com
  4. ^ Papachrysostomou, Maria C.; Smith, Adam N. * Functional obstructive defaecation: what is anismus?. European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 6(11):975-982, November 1994.
  5. ^ LEROI A.-M. ; BERKELMANS I. ; DENIS P. ; HEMOND M. ; DEVROEDE G. Anismus as marker of sexual abuse : consequences of abuse on anorectal motility. Digestive diseases and sciences. ISSN 0163-2116. vol. 40, no7, pp. 1411-1416, 1995.
  6. ^ Nolan, Terry; Catto-Smith, Tony; Coffey, Carolyn; Wells, Judy Randomised controlled trial of biofeedback training in persistent encopresis with anismus. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 79(2):131-135, August 1998.
  7. ^ Botulinum toxin type-a in therapy of patients with anismus. Journal Diseases of the Colon & Rectum. Publisher Springer New York. ISSN 0012-3706 (Print) 1530-0358 (Online).Issue Volume 44, Number 12: 1821-1826. December, 2001
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