ALPP

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Alkaline phosphatase, placental (Regan isozyme)

PDB rendering based on 1ew2.

Available structures: 1ew2, 1zeb, 1zed, 1zef, 2glq

Identifiers

Symbol(s)

ALPP; ALP; PLAP; ALPG; ALPPL; GCAP

External IDs

OMIM: 171800 MGI: 108009 HomoloGene: 55592

EC number

3.1.3.1

Gene ontology
Molecular Function:	• magnesium ion binding • alkaline phosphatase activity • zinc ion binding • hydrolase activity • GPI anchor binding
Cellular Component:	• cell surface • membrane • integral to membrane
Biological Process:	• metabolic process • phosphorylation

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Human

Mouse

Refseq

NM_001632 (mRNA)
NP_001623 (protein)

NM_007433 (mRNA)
NP_031459 (protein)

Location

Chr 2: 232.95 - 232.96 Mb

Chr 1: 88.92 - 88.92 Mb

Pubmed search

[1]

[2]

Alkaline phosphatase, placental (Regan isozyme), also known as ALPP, is a human gene.^[1]

There are at least four distinct but related alkaline phosphatases: intestinal, placental, placental-like, and liver/bone/kidney (tissue non-specific). The first three are located together on chromosome 2 while the tissue non-specific form is located on chromosome 1. The product of this gene is a membrane bound glycosylated enzyme, also referred to as the heat stable form, that is expressed primarily in the placenta although it is closely related to the intestinal form of the enzyme as well as to the placental-like form. The coding sequence for this form of alkaline phosphatase is unique in that the 3' untranslated region contains multiple copies of an Alu family repeat. In addition, this gene is polymorphic and three common alleles (type 1, type 2 and type 3) for this form of alkaline phosphatase have been well characterized.^[1]

[edit] References

^ ^a ^b Entrez Gene: ALPP alkaline phosphatase, placental (Regan isozyme).

[edit] Further reading

Nye KE, Riley GA, Pinching AJ (1992). "The defect seen in the phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis pathway in HIV-infected lymphocytes and lymphoblastoid cells is due to inhibition of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate 5-phosphomonoesterase.". Clin. Exp. Immunol. 89 (1): 89–93. PMID 1321014.
Lowe ME (1992). "Site-specific mutations in the COOH-terminus of placental alkaline phosphatase: a single amino acid change converts a phosphatidylinositol-glycan-anchored protein to a secreted protein.". J. Cell Biol. 116 (3): 799–807. PMID 1730777.
Micanovic R, Gerber LD, Berger J, et al. (1990). "Selectivity of the cleavage/attachment site of phosphatidylinositol-glycan-anchored membrane proteins determined by site-specific mutagenesis at Asp-484 of placental alkaline phosphatase.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (1): 157–61. PMID 2153284.
Martin D, Spurr NK, Trowsdale J (1988). "RFLP of the human placental alkaline phosphatase gene (PLAP).". Nucleic Acids Res. 15 (21): 9104. PMID 2891112.
Kam W, Clauser E, Kim YS, et al. (1986). "Cloning, sequencing, and chromosomal localization of human term placental alkaline phosphatase cDNA.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82 (24): 8715–9. PMID 3001717.
Knoll BJ, Rothblum KN, Longley M (1988). "Nucleotide sequence of the human placental alkaline phosphatase gene. Evolution of the 5' flanking region by deletion/substitution.". J. Biol. Chem. 263 (24): 12020–7. PMID 3042787.
Micanovic R, Bailey CA, Brink L, et al. (1988). "Aspartic acid-484 of nascent placental alkaline phosphatase condenses with a phosphatidylinositol glycan to become the carboxyl terminus of the mature enzyme.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (5): 1398–402. PMID 3422741.
Knoll BJ, Rothblum KN, Longley M (1988). "Two gene duplication events in the evolution of the human heat-stable alkaline phosphatases.". Gene 60 (2-3): 267–76. PMID 3443302.
Ovitt CE, Strauss AW, Alpers DH, et al. (1986). "Expression of different-sized placental alkaline phosphatase mRNAs in placenta and choriocarcinoma cells.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83 (11): 3781–5. PMID 3459156.
Henthorn PS, Knoll BJ, Raducha M, et al. (1986). "Products of two common alleles at the locus for human placental alkaline phosphatase differ by seven amino acids.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83 (15): 5597–601. PMID 3461452.
Millán JL (1986). "Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of human placental alkaline phosphatase.". J. Biol. Chem. 261 (7): 3112–5. PMID 3512548.
Ezra E, Blacher R, Udenfriend S (1984). "Purification and partial sequencing of human placental alkaline phosphatase.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 116 (3): 1076–83. PMID 6651840.
Le Du MH, Stigbrand T, Taussig MJ, et al. (2001). "Crystal structure of alkaline phosphatase from human placenta at 1.8 A resolution. Implication for a substrate specificity.". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (12): 9158–65. doi:10.1074/jbc.M009250200. PMID 11124260.
Spurway TD, Dalley JA, High S, Bulleid NJ (2001). "Early events in glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor addition. substrate proteins associate with the transamidase subunit gpi8p.". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (19): 15975–82. doi:10.1074/jbc.M010128200. PMID 11278620.
Rump A, Kasper G, Hayes C, et al. (2001). "Complex arrangement of genes within a 220-kb region of double-duplicated DNA on human 2q37.1.". Genomics 73 (1): 50–5. doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6504. PMID 11352565.
Wennberg C, Kozlenkov A, Di Mauro S, et al. (2002). "Structure, genomic DNA typing, and kinetic characterization of the D allozyme of placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP/ALPP).". Hum. Mutat. 19 (3): 258–67. doi:10.1002/humu.10052. PMID 11857742.
Kozlenkov A, Manes T, Hoylaerts MF, Millán JL (2002). "Function assignment to conserved residues in mammalian alkaline phosphatases.". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (25): 22992–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M202298200. PMID 11937510.
Tang J, Li W (2002). "[Methodological study on the assay of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D activity in serum]". Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 24 (2): 119–22. PMID 11938765.
Lehto MT, Sharom FJ (2002). "Proximity of the protein moiety of a GPI-anchored protein to the membrane surface: a FRET study.". Biochemistry 41 (26): 8368–76. PMID 12081485.
Le Du MH, Millan JL (2003). "Structural evidence of functional divergence in human alkaline phosphatases.". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (51): 49808–14. doi:10.1074/jbc.M207394200. PMID 12372831.